The development of protein–polysaccharide conjugate vaccines has had a
major impact on Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.
The application of this technology to Neisseria
meningitidis is also striking, particularly for serogroup
C. However, significant challenges exist for the development
of vaccines against non-typeable H. influenzae
and against N. meningitidis serogroup B. Issues
such as non-vaccine-strain replacement and correlates of
protection need to be addressed as well as the longer-term
implications of vaccination against what are essentially
'normal' microflora.
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