|
Mil Med 2000 Apr;165(4):287-9 |
Books
Adverse reactions to smallpox vaccine: the
Israel Defense Force experience, 1991 to 1996. A comparison with previous
surveys.
Haim M, Gdalevich M, Mimouni D, Ashkenazi I, Shemer J.
Army Health Branch, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force, Israel.
The aim of the present study was to assess the post-smallpox vaccination
complication rate in a cohort of Israel Defense Force recruits enlisted in the
calendar years 1991 to 1996 and to compare it with rates reported, in similar
age groups, in large surveys during the 1960s. The overall complication rate
was 0.4 per 10,000 vaccinees, and the rate of severe complications was very
low, similar to previously published data. We conclude that among young healthy
adults, vaccination with smallpox vaccine is relatively safe and is associated
with a low rate of complications. Severe complications were very rare in this
age group in our study. However,
the complication rate is increasing with the increased percentage of primary
vaccinees.
PMID: 10803002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Vaccine 1992;10(2):96-7 |
Books
The age-dependent risk of postvaccination
complications in vaccinees with smallpox vaccine.
Gurvich EB.
State Research Institute of Standardization and Control of Medical Biologics,
Moscow, USSR.
The use of vaccinia virus in recombinant
systems may result in the occurrence of complications observed following
smallpox vaccination. The results are presented of a large survey carried out
in the USSR between 1968 and 1979. High complication rates are reported, particularly in older primary vaccinees;
for example, there were 312.5 cases of neurological complications per million
in those aged greater than or equal to 5 years. The author concludes that this
factor will limit the use of vaccinia virus in recombinant technology.
PMID: 1347190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 1988;16(2):137-9 |
[Basocellular carcinoma in a smallpox
vaccination scar]
[Article in Portuguese]
Ribeiro R, Labareda JM, Garcia e Silva L.
Servico de Dermatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa.
A 52 year old housewife
was vaccinated against smallpox at the age of 18, on her right deltoid
area. At the age of 50 she noticed erythema and scaling on the vaccination scar and 2
years later a nodule appear that enlarged during the following 3 months. There
was no history nor skin changes suggestive of significant sun exposure. The
histological examination of an initial biopsy and of the subsequently excised
lesion revealed a basal
cell carcinoma of the solid type. The relevant literature was reviewed
and discussed with emphasis on sex and age incidence, age and site of
vaccination, free interval between inoculation and tumor appearance,
coexistence or not of other sun induced neoplasias and precancerous lesions and
other possibly relevant clinical and etiopathogenetic aspects.
Publication Types:
· Review
· Review of Reported Cases
PMID: 3050329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 1986;30(2):177-83 |
Vaccinia virus persistence in a child against
the background of immune deficiency.
Gurvich EB, Gomes LA, Yartsev MN, Khakhalin LN, Grigor'eva LB, Dmitrieva NG,
Polunin AI.
A young girl, vaccinated
against smallpox 6 years before suffered from a persistent vaccinia virus
infection and a congenital skin disease, i.e. epidermolysis bullosa. The virus
was isolated from skin lesions at the vaccination site and remote sites and
repeatedly from the blood; it was not isolated from bone-marrow
specimen, saliva, pharynx or urine. The titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies
was low (1:10), immunoglobulins A, M and G were within age-related limits;
antibodies against measles and tetanus were at protective levels, skin tests
were positive. Staphylococcal antitoxin titre was extremely high. The child's
mother, not vaccinated against smallpox, possessed vaccinia--virus-neutralizing
antibodies at high titre (over 1:320). Examination of the child did not show any quantitative
immune deficiency. Immune deviations were found in the lymphocyte
blast-transformation reaction on stimulation with PHA and specific antigen, as
well as in the nonspecific-suppression test. The possible genesis of the virus
persistence and the role of the virus in the clinical course of the disease are
discussed.
PMID: 3722811 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1994 Aug 19;4(33):157 |
Adverse reaction to smallpox vaccine.
http://www.phls.co.uk/publications/CDR94/cdr3394.pdf
PMID: 7522818 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Vopr Virusol 1990 Jul-Aug;35(4):344-6 |
[Vaccinia virus stimulation of oncogenesis in C57Bl mice]
[Article in Russian]
Khar'kovskaia NA, Khrustalev SA, Merekalova ZI.
PMID: 2256321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Arch Virol 1989;106(1-2):127-39 |
Vaccinia virus: a suitable vehicle for
recombinant vaccines?
Kaplan C.
Department of Microbiology, University of Reading, England.
The complications of vaccination against small pox are discussed in relation to
the contemplated use as vaccines of recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying the
genes for "protective" antigens derived from a range of pathogens. Recombinant vaccines are
potentially extremely valuable instruments in the fight against infectious
diseases, but caution is needed in their deployment. In addition to the
dangers associated with the pathogenicity of various strains of vaccinia virus,
there may be problems related to the ecology of the poxviruses--especially
orthopoxviruses. Before recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines are widely used,
ecological research is urgently needed. It should cover not only the ecology of orthopoxviruses, but
also possible interactions between engineered vaccinia viruses released into
the environment and wild viruses which may be resident in both target and
non-target species in a wide selection of habitats.
Publication Types:
· Review
· Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2669685 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
|
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 1985
Apr;259(2):206-18 |
[Development of a numerically additive
combined vaccine against tetanus and smallpox]
[Article in German]
Mayr A, Baljer G, Wagner C, Sailer J.
Mandatory vaccination
against smallpox was abolished on the account of smallpox-eradication
proclaimed by the WHO and the postvaccinal complications detected after
smallpox vaccination. At the same time vaccine banks with the vaccinia
virus strain "Elstree" were organized. Should mass vaccinations with this vaccinia virus strain
be carried out in a case of emergency, severe postvaccinal diseases and
complications can arise in overaged and immunosuppressed vaccinees after
primovaccination. Therefore attenuated vaccinia virus strains should be used
for vaccine banks, which cannot be activated, or increase in virulence in
impaired vaccinees after primovaccination. For these individuals the
vaccinia virus strain "MVA", among other attenuated vaccinia strains,
is recommended. The MVA virus strain can be applied parenterally without
complications. From the scientific and field-relevant point of view it was
tried to combine the vaccinia virus strain "MVA" with tetanus toxoid
and to develop a combination vaccine "tetanus-smallpox". In
immunization experiments using mice, piglets and monkeys, safety and efficacy
of the vaccine were investigated. Efficacy was demonstrated by means of
postvaccinal antibody determination and by the mouse protection test. Tetanus
antitoxin was measured by ELISA and indirect hemagglutination test, antibody
levels to vaccinia virus were investigated employing the neutralization test
and hemagglutination inhibition test. No significant differences in potency
could be demonstrated between the combination vaccine and the corresponding
monovalent vaccines in mice, piglets and monkeys. The combination vaccine
consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus "MVA"
preserved with gelatine and glucosamine. The double intramuscular immunization
of monkeys stimulated average tetanus antitoxin titers of 1:310 and average
vaccinia virus titers of 1:195 2 weeks p. revacc. Similar results were obtained
in mice and piglets. Side reactions were not observed in mice and piglets.
Except for occasional local reactions of short duration at the injection site
of the monkeys, similarly no adverse reactions were observed after
intramuscular vaccination with the combination vaccine.
PMID: 2990123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Indian J Dermatol 1985 Jul;30(3):39-41 |
A case
of tuberculoid leprosy--following small pox vaccination.
Dey SK, Choudhury TK.
PMID: 3843333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Arch Dermatol 1983 May;119(5):404-8 |
Progressive vaccinia associated with combined
variable immunodeficiency.
Keane JT, James K, Blankenship ML, Pearson RW.
Progressive vaccinia
developed in a previously healthy woman following smallpox vaccination and was
successfully treated with vaccinia immune human globulin and methisazone.
Immunologic evaluation over the next 4 1/2 years revealed evidence for combined
variable immunodeficiency with increased numbers of circulating OKT 8
positive (suppressor-cytotoxic T) cells and the virtual absence of OKT 4 positive
(helper-inducer T) cells.
PMID: 6847220 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
: Pediatr Pathol 1983 Apr-Jun;1(2):221-8 |
Vaccinial osteomyelitis in a case of
generalized intrauterine virus infection.
Vorst EJ, Gaillard JL.
We report the case of a
14-week fetus who developed a generalized vaccinia virus infection after
primary vaccination of the mother in the 10th week of pregnancy. Special
emphasis is given to the skeletal lesions, which have not been previously
reported in prenatal vaccinial infection.
PMID: 6687278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Vopr Virusol 1983 May-Jun;(3):348-51 |
[Long-term persistence of the vaccinia virus
in a child with a congenital skin disease]
[Article in Russian]
Gurvich EB, Gomes LA, Grigor'eva LV, Dzagurov SG, Vilesova IS.
Persistence of vaccinia
virus which was isolated many times from the blood and skin lesions was
discovered in a child vaccinated 6 years before against smallpox and suffering
from bullous epidermolysis. The level of immunoglobulins A, M, and G was
normal, whereas the titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies against smallpox was
low (1:10) in the child, and reached 1:320 in his mother not vaccinated against
smallpox. Humoral immunity for other antigens was found to be unimpaired, the
skin tests being positive. It
was concluded that the child had a selective defect of the immune system. It is
emphasized that the virus excretor is epidemically hazardous for subjects with
skin diseases, immunodeficient conditions and others, in whom contraction of
the infection may result in a disease the identification of the genesis of
which would be extremely difficult against the background of discontinued
vaccination against smallpox.
PMID: 6613093 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Acta Virol 1983 Mar;27(2):154-9 |
Vaccinia virus in postvaccinal encephalitis.
Gurvich EB, Vilesova IS.
Results of virological
examination of 239 samples taken from 84 children with neurological
complications after smallpox vaccination are described. In postvaccinal
encephalitis, vaccinia virus was isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and
pharyngeal secretions of 23 out of 40 children (57.5%) as well as from autopsy
specimens sampled between 10-35 days after vaccination. During the acute period
of disease, virus was detected in 17 out of 31 (54.2%) cerebrospinal fluid
specimens. In 3 postvaccinal encephalitis cases the virus was present in brain
and in a case of encephalomyelitis--in the spinal cord. These results confirmed
the participation of vaccinia virus in the pathogenesis of postvaccinal encephalitis.
The pathogenicity of vaccinia virus may be manifested only under a changed
reactivity of the vaccinated host.
PMID: 6135334 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
JAMA 1982 May 21;247(19):2704-5 |
Recurrent
herpes simplex infection at a smallpox vaccination site.
Mintz L.
PMID: 7200532 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Sem Hop 1982 Jan 21;58(3):148-52 |
[Accidental localized vaccinia. A report of
six recent cases (author's transl)]
[Article in French]
Lejeune B, Coroller A, Labouche F, Le Fur JM, Colin J, Dorval JC, Masse R,
Quillien MC, Chastel C.
Vaccination against
smallpox should be discontinued in all countries except for individuals with a
high risk of exposure (WHO, 1980). Since this vaccination is performed less and
less often, one must expect complications to occur, the etiology of which may
not be recognized. This course of events leads the authors to point out
the difficulties in diagnosis and therapy of localized accidental vaccinia
encountered in six patients hospitalized in Brest (1971-1979). Diagnosis is
considered if the patient himself, or a person he came in contact with, was
recently vaccinated. Diagnosis should always be established by virology. Such
accidents can be avoided by a faultless vaccination technique and by giving
sufficient information to the inoculated subject or to his relatives.
PMID: 6278621 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Vopr Virusol 1981 Jul-Aug;(4):398-404 |
[Results of a study of the pathogenesis of
postvaccinal encephalitis]
[Article in Russian]
Dzagurov SG, Gurvich EB, Ozeretskovskii NA.
The results of 10-year virological and immunological studies in patients with postvaccination encephalitis (PVE)
developing after smallpox vaccination are analysed. Vaccinia virus was
isolated from 23 (59%) out of 39 children in the acute stage of PVE and for a
long period in the protracted course of the disease in 14 out of 24 from the
cerebrospinal fluid in 15 out of 33 from the blood, in 8 out of 24 from the
throat and in 4 out of 5 from the brain or spinal cord tissue. Examinations of
56 serum specimens from 36 children with PVE revealed considerable variations
in the levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA): 6 had no VNA, while 10
children showed low titres (10-20). No cases of agammaglobulinemia were
observed. Instances of defective immune response were found which was
manifested by a delay in increasing levels of IgM and IgG in response to
vaccination. Two children were shown to have a defective cellular immunity. It is concluded that vaccinia
virus participates in the pathogenesis of PVE; realization of the
pathogenic properties of the virus requires the proper conditions, the main of
which appears to consist in the immunodeficient state. The analysis of the
appurtenance of 342 children to blood groups of the ABO system did not confirm
the dependence of the development of postvaccination complications upon the
presence in the blood of the vaccinees of the A antigen or immunological
advantages of persons having alpha-isoantibodies.
PMID: 6117985 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Pa Med 1981 Sep;84(9):49-50 |
Thrombocytopenic
purpura after smallpox vaccine.
Burke PJ, Shah NR.
PMID: 7312385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Mutat Res 1980 Jul;71(2):263-7 |
Chromosomal aberrations and SCE in
lymphocytes of children revaccinated against smallpox.
Kucerova M, Polivkova Z, Matousek V.
Chromosomal changes were
analysed in the peripheral lymphocytes of 14 twelve-year-old children before
and 3 months and 10 months after smallpox revaccination (group A), and in
peripheral lymphocytes of 8 children of the same age before and 1.5 and 8
months after revaccination (group B). A significantly increased number of
aberrant cells was found after 1.5 and 3 months. In the blood samples collected
8 and 10 months after revaccination there was a decrease in the number of
aberrant cells which, however, did not reach the control level. Sister
chromatid exchanges (SCE) were counted in 5 children 1.5 and 8 months after
revaccination, and their numbers did not differ from controls.
PMID: 7393242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [B] 1980
Sep;171(4-5):309-19 |
[MVA-vaccine in primovaccination against
smallpox after the age of three (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Schroter W, Stickl H, Idel H, Schlipkoter HW.
These are the results of
417 primary vaccinations against smallpox with MVA, an attenuated vaccine. All
of the patients were over three years old. In Europe, this group has an
increased risk of postvaccinal encephalitis. The intracutaneous
inoculation produced a light local infiltration and only 11.7% showed a light
generalized reaction. In order to attain a reliable immunity, a second
inoculation was performed one week later, epicutaneously with Elstree-vaccine.
The local reaction was in general that of a normal revaccination, and 79.4% of
our patients had neither fever nor general symptoms. Among the others no one
became seriously ill. We did not observe any complications specific for a
smallpox vaccination. In comparison to the other vaccination methods currently
used, the MVA "Two-step"-vaccination is probably the safest. Its risk
of a postvaccinal encephalitis is supposed to be lower according to animal
experiments and theoretical considerations. This hypothesis has been confirmed
meanwhile by the results of several thousand vaccinations in the already
mentioned age-group.
PMID: 7456853 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1980;Suppl 24:63-7 |
Fatal progressive vaccinia in two
immunodeficient infants.
Olding-Stenkvist E, Nordbring F, Larsson E, Lindblom B, Wigzell H.
Fatal progressive vaccinia
developed in two infants, a girl and a boy, vaccinated at the age of 2 months.
Immunodeficiencies comprised both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In the
girl low levels of immunoglobulins and a defect function of lymphocytes was
demonstrated. The boy had hypogammaglobulinemia and lack of T-lymphocytes.
There was a marked hypoplasia of thymus and lymphoid organs in both infants.
Both infants had the haplotype A3, B8 and in the boy a crossing over had taken
place within the HLA region. No effect was achieved with antivaccinia
immunoglobulin and concomitant antiviral therapy (thiosemicarbazone, adenine
arabinoside). Interferon therapy gave no clinical improvement, nor did transfer
factor.
PMID: 6937980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Ann Neurol 1979 Jan;5(1):99-101 |
Postvaccinal encephalomyelitis without
cutaneous vaccination reaction.
Rockoff A, Spigland I, Lorenstein B, Rose AL.
A 5-year-old girl
developed a progressive febrile neurological illness consisting of right focal seizures,
right hemiparesis, and stupor evolving over a period of six weeks. During the
month preceding the onset of her illness she had received two apparently
unsuccessful smallpox vaccinations without a skin lesion. Elevation of
cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin and findings on brain biopsy were consistent
with postinfectious encephalitis, and a simultaneous increase in serum vaccinia
antibody titer suggested
that the illness was postvaccinial encephalitis. Clinically, the child
developed a severe extrapyramidal movement disorder during the acute phase
followed by nine months of stuporous unresponsiveness, yet subsequently made a
substantial recovery.
PMID: 34358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Br Med J 1979 May 26;1(6175):1398-9 |
Continuing mortality and morbidity from
smallpox vaccination.
Du Mont GC, Beach RC.
Three cases of
cross-infection after smallpox vaccination are described, in two of which the
outcome was fatal. Probably all occurred because simple precautions were
not observed at the time of vaccination--for example, exclusion of
contraindications and warnings about risks. If those countries still requiring
evidence of vaccination for entry were to abolish this rule, however, the risk
of cross-infection could be eliminated. Vaccinating a person with contraindications is justified
only when exposure to smallpox has occurred.
PMID: 445099 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Padiatr Padol 1979;14(4):449-53 |
[Plexus paresis and smallpox vaccination
(author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Berger E.
Paresis of the left side
upper plexus brachialis is diagnosed to a boy of 2;8 years. The trouble appeared
after a smallpox vaccination, which had been carried out successfully.
There are no symptoms of CNS-disturbance. serumneuritis and virogenic
radiculatis are discussed as pathogenic variants. Although postvaccinal
peripheral nervous lesions very seldom occur, it does seem possible that the ailment in question could
be a consequence of the smallpox vaccination.
PMID: 530732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Zentralbl Bakteriol [B] 1979;169(5-6):510-8 |
Laboratory diagnosis in a case of fatal
progressive vaccinia due to manifest immunologic deficiencies.
Mihailescu R, Topciu V, Dogaru D, Petrovici A, Plavosin L, Stanciu N,
Moldovan E, Roth L.
A case of progressive
vaccinia is described, in a 21 years old man, diagnosed after 8 months of
vaccinial lesion's evolution. The area of vaccination developed progressive
necrosis and metastatic lesions evolved on various regions of the body.
The vaccinia virus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated
eggs, from the cutaneous lesions, blood, internal organs and even from the
apparently intact skin.--The serological tests indicated hypogammaglobulinemia
with absence of neutralizing antibodies.--The death occured after 366 days. The progressive
vaccinia described above represents the case with the most prolonged evolution
known until now.
PMID: 545950 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1979 Nov;(11):73-8 |
[Participation of vaccinia virus in the
pathogenesis of different clinical forms of postvaccinal complications. I.
Frequency of vaccinia virus detection in the vaccinted who have usual and
complicated reactions to vaccination]
[Article in Russian]
Gurvich EB, Movsesiants AA, Stepanenkova LP.
The virological
examination of 1365 samples taken from 469 children vaccinated against smallpox
revealed considerable differences in the frequency and the time of vaccinia
virus detection in different clinical forms of postvaccinal pathology as
compared with uncomplicated vaccinal process. During the postvaccinal
period taking its normal course vaccinia virus was isolated from 7.3% of
children only from the pharynx till day 8 following vaccination. In generalized and creeping
vaccinia the virus was isolated from 71.4% of children, in postvaccinal
encephalitis from 57.1% of children, in vaccinal angina frove-mentioned
complications vaccinia virus was detected in the samples obtained from the
patients till days 24, 35, 15 and 24 respectively. The etiopathogenetic role of
vaccinia virus in a number of postvaccinal complications is discussed.
PMID: 42243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Vopr Virusol 1979 Sep-Oct;(5):547-50 |
[Disorders in the murine chromosome apparatus
induced by immunization with a complex of antiviral vaccines]
[Article in Russian]
Cherkeziia SE, Mikhailova GR, Gorshunova LP.
Immunization of mice with a number of live virus vaccines (poliovaccine,
smallpox vaccine, measles vaccine) given consecutively at 14-day intervals
resulted in increased
frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of the animals
after the completion of the entire vaccination course (14 and 30 days after the
last vaccination). Measles
vaccine and, particularly, smallpox vaccine exert a significant harmful effect
on the karyotype of the bone marrow cells. The effect on the chromosomes of the
vaccines given consecutively differs somewhat from the individual effect of
each of them.
PMID: 506209 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Pediatriia 1978 May;(5):72 |
[Nephrotic syndrome after smallpox vaccination]
[Article in Russian]
Popov MA.
PMID: 673584 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Virologie 1978 Jan-Mar;29(1):59-63 |
The role of vaccinia virus in the evolution
of some human hemopathies.
Topciu V, Roth L, Plavosin L, Moldovan E.
Six cases of severe
hemopathy, detected following smallpox revaccination are described. Their onset
was favoured by vaccinia virus-induced suppression of cell-mediated and humoral
immunity. In two leukemia patients humoral immunity was present, but
insufficient to assure protection of the diseased organisms, the outcome being
fatal. The pancytopenia syndrome recorded in 4 patients with anergy caused by
autoimmune mechanisms had different outcomes: favourable in 2 cases and fatal
in the other 2 patients, who died within 4 years.
PMID: 636310 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Bilt Hematol Transfuz 1978;6(2):27-30 |
[Generalized vaccinia in a child with acute
leukemia]
[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Roman)]
Milutinovic S, Jovanovic N, Stojimirovic E.
The authors present a girl
suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, which was diagnosed, after she
was given the antivariolic vaccina. The clinical flow was very rapid,
and was in the fulminant shape, which was presented in from of generalized
vaccinia. Although the adequate therapy was given, according to the protocol
for the treatment of ALL(08LA74), the child died on for the eight day of hospitalization. There was the evident
immunodeficiency in our patient, and it is know that the vaccina with the alive
viruses is contraindicated in the imunodeficietic diseases.
PMID: 289385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1978 Nov;86(11):566-8 |
[Localization of specific antigen in the
organs of newborn animals vaccinated with liver smallpox vaccine]
[Article in Russian]
Gorshunova LP, Maksimova-Todorova VA, Khizhniakova TM, Nabokova AV, Vanag
KV.
Of 20 suckling rabbits,
4-5-days old, inoculated with live smallpox vaccine intradermally 6 displayed
symptoms of generalized pox virus and neuroparalysis complications.
Intensive accumulation of specific antigen in the brain, lungs, spleen, and the
lymph glands was revealed by immunofluorescent method. The smallpox vaccine virus was isolated from these
organs. Prolonged persistance of the attenuated smallpox virus was
observed in the brain, spinal cord, lungs, spleen, and the lymph glands of 14
suckling rabbits showing no signs of any disease; specific antigen was revealed
by immunofluorescent test. Vascular
disturbances and slight cell changes were observed in the brain tissue of the
inoculated animals. These changes were more severe in the sick animals.
PMID: 214185 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Infection 1978;6(4):149-53 |
Progressive vaccinia: immunological aspects
and transfer factor therapy.
Timar L, Budai J, Nyerges G, Szigeti R, Hollos I, Sonkoly I.
Progressive vaccinia is a
rare and serious complication of smallpox vaccination. Depressed immune
function can generally be found as an underlying disorder; thus adequate
immuno-correction may be expected to be therapeutically effective.
Humoral and cell-mediated immunity was repeatedly examined in one case
throughout the course of the disease. Results indicated partial deficiency of
cell-mediated immunity. No therapeutic effect was achieved by using human
antivaccinia immunoglobulin and N-methylisatin beta-thiosemicarbazone. Transfer
factor therapy was also attempted. Treatment with a non-specific transfer
factor preparation was followed by a transitory clinical improvement. A
specific transfer factor preparation given during the last month of life, however,
had no therapeutic effect.
The patient died on the 145th day after vaccination. Autopsy findings
pointed to combined immune deficiency.
PMID: 80384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Pediatriia 1978 Dec;(12):45-9 |
[Neurological complications in children from smallpox vaccination]
[Article in Russian]
Pokrovskaia NIa, Gurvich EB, Ozeretskovskii NA.
PMID: 32517 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1978 Feb 24;120(8):247-8 |
[Smallpox
vaccination--Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Pfister JA, Modde HK, Baumann RP.
A fatal acute
meningococcal sepsis (Waterhouse-Friderchsen syndrome) appearing 25 days after
smallpox vaccination (re-vaccination) on military service is reported. In order
to assume a causal connection between the vaccination reaction and the acute
infectious complication on atypically long "unspecific negative
phase" after the vaccination is postulated. The morphological findings at
the vaccination pustule, which shows the same changes as a first vaccination,
also support a pathological post-vaccinal course. In consideration of these
observations, revaccination after 20 years is apparently a risk.
PMID: 416342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Ann Clin Res 1978 Oct;10(5):280-7 |
Myocardial complications of immunisations.
Helle EP, Koskenvuo K, Heikkila J, Pikkarainen J, Weckstrom P.
Immunisation may induce
myocardial complications. In this pilot study clinical,
electrocardiographic, chemical and immunological findings have been studied
during a six weeks' follow-up after routine immunisation (mumps, polio,
tetanus, smallpox, diphtheria and type A meningococcal disease) among 234
Finnish conscripts at the beginning of their military service. Serial pattern
of ECG changes suggestive of myocarditis was recorded in eight of the 234
conscripts one to two weeks after vaccination against smallpox and diphtheria.
Changes were mainly minor ST segment elevations and T wave inversions and
usually they disappeared in a few weeks. The ECG positives more often had a
history of atopy, and their mean body temperatures and heart rates after the
vaccinations were higher than among the other subjects (p less than 0.01).
However, clinical myocarditis was never noted, nor were immunological or enzymological
changes different among the ECG positives. Thus in 3% of the study population, evidence of
postvaccinal myocarditis was noted, based on serial ECG patterns, but without
any other evidence of cardiac disease.
PMID: 736507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
: Int J Dermatol 1978 Nov;17(9):723-5 |
Basal cell epithelioma in a vaccination scar.
Hazelrigg DE.
A 42-year-old woman developed
a superficial basal cell epitheliol in a smallpox vaccination scar.
After reviewing similar reports in the English literature, I believe any unusual change occurring in
a vaccination scar, either simultaneously or years later, should be viewed as a
possible malignancy and treated accordingly.
PMID: 730456 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Aust Paediatr J 1977 Jun;13(2):125-30 |
A fatal case of progressive vaccinia--clinical
and pathological studies.
Robinson MJ, Muragasu R, Thong YH, Chen ST.
PMID: 907574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Wiad Lek 1977 Oct 1;30(19):1519-21 |
[Case of hepato-renal syndrome following vaccination against smallpox]
[Article in Polish]
Oszczak A, Kaniak AA.
PMID: 930064 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1977 Oct;(10):77-80 |
[Relationship between the incidence of
neurologic complications following smallpox vaccination and the generation and
infectious activity of vaccine from strain L-IVP]
[Article in Russian]
Khliabich GN, Sumarokov AA, Shkol'nik RIa, Karinskaia GA.
A strictly controlled epidemiological trial was applied to the study of the
incidence of neurological complications in children inoculated with vaccine
from the L-IVP strain of the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th passages (generations). To
ascertain a possible connection between the neuropathogenicity with the
infectious activity the persons vaccinated were divided into 3 groups in
accordance with the infectiousness level of the preparation obtained: the I
group--3--5-10(8)OOU/ml; the II group--6--8-9-10(8) OOU/ml; the III group over
9-10(8) OOU/ml. The least
number of neurological complications was recorded among children primarily
inoculated with the vaccine of the 3rd passage with the infectiousness titre of
over 9-10(8) OOU/ml.
PMID: 21499 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
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Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Apr;30(4):592-8 |
Weight fluctuations after immunization in a
rural preschool child community.
Kielmann AA.
After inoculations with diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT), smallpox Bacillus
Calmette-Guerin (BCG), polio, and DPT + polio vaccine preparations,
weight-for-age fluctuations were monitored in over 470 rural preschool children
and compared to those in nonvaccinated control children matched for age,
weight-for-age, season and year of immunization, and village affiliation. It was found that children
immunized with live agents (BCG, smallpox, polio, DPT + polio) who also were
below 6 months of age suffered statistically significant reductions in their
weight-for-age compared to matched nonimmunized controls. Children inoculated with polio
or smallpox who also were below 80% of the Harvard weight-for-age median
experienced a larger decrease in their nutritional levels than those above,
with correction for age distribution. It is suggested that in the developing
world immunizations with live agents to children below 6 months of age should
be given only if the infectious illness in which immunization is provided poses
a real threat to health, or if vaccination coverage of children above 6 months
of age would subsequently be difficult to achieve.
PMID: 851089 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cancer 1977 Jul;40(1):226-33 |
Vaccinia necrosum complicating immunoblastic
sarcoma.
Turkel SB, Overturf GD.
A 59-year-old man is presented who had immunoblastic lymphadenopathy which
evolved over a three-year period into immunoblastic sarcoma. His course was
complicated by vaccinia necrosum, which necessitated prolonged therapy with
Marboran and vaccinia-immune globulin. The persistence of virus was documented
at autopsy by positive viral culture and ultra-structural examination. This case illustrates the
potential hazards of administration of live viral vaccines to an immune
compromised host presumed to be in remission and suggests that the continued
activity of vi