SCHAFER AUTISM REPORT "Healing Autism:
No Finer a Cause on the Planet"
________________________________________________________________
September 3, 2002 CALENDAR LISTING: EVENTS@doitnow.com
EDUCATION
* A Class Of Their Own -
Homeschooling
* Letter: The Delaware Autism Program.
PUBLIC HEALTH
* Autism Rise Blamed On Environment
* Can We Trust Charlie Tuna? FDA Negligence On Methylmercury
* Disabled Children Sue Over Triple Diphtheria Vaccine
CARE
* 3 Risk Factors in Violent Behavior Among People With Severe
Mental Illness
TREATMENT
* 'Drama' Treatment Under The Spotlight
RESEARCH
* Deviant Gene May Up West Nile Risk
* Postpartum Live Virus Vaccination: Lessons From Veterinary
Medicine
* Readers' Posts (Return!)
EDUCATION
A Class Of Their Own - Homeschooling
[By Dani Garavelli.]
http://news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=971442002
On Maradia Arouna’s desk stands an impressive model of the
solar
system. It has a sun that
lights up and detachable planets of varying sizes.
The seven-year-old’s walls
are covered with posters of her multiplication
tables and the alphabet,
while labels reading "le mur" and "la table" are
stuck on to the wall and
table.
Maradia is not the product of an expensive private school or
aspiring
middle class parents who
hope to hothouse her into academic brilliance. She
is the daughter of Alison
Arouna, an unemployed single mother in East
Kilbride, who has opted to
teach her daughter at home.
Alison is one of a growing number of parents who have
rejected the
concept of school in favour
of a less structured, more child-oriented
approach to learning, where
the three Rs are absorbed through everyday
activities such as baking,
shopping and playing board games.
Once home educators were dismissed as either hippies or pushy
middle
class parents living
vicariously through their offspring. This stereotype
wasn’t helped by
high-profile cases such as that of maths prodigy Ruth
Lawrence, whose father Harry
once said he didn’t want her to be distracted
by the "trivial
conversations and pointless playing" of the school yard, or
Sufiah Yusof, who ran away
from Oxford claiming she had been subjected to
years of abuse and isolation
after her parents insisted on teaching her at
home.
Despite the fact that it is more difficult to take your
children out
of school in Scotland than
in England (where 1% of the population are
home-educated) an increasing
number of parents are doing just that.
Although there is a long way to go before Scotland rivals the
US,
where 5% of children are
home-educated, an estimated 5,000 pupils, just over
half a per cent, north of
the Border are now being taught in their houses.
Only 350 are registered with
local authorities. The increase has been
accompanied by the rise of
support organisations, with the Dundee-based
charity Schoolhouse fielding
dozens of inquiries a day from all over the
country.
Those who opt out of the school system come from across the
socio-economic spectrum and
have a wide range of motives; some do it for
philosophical reasons, some
because their child is being bullied or because
they are worried they will
be exposed to drugs. Those from travelling
families, who find the
system largely unworkable, and those whose children
have special needs,
particularly those suffering from autism and dyslexia,
are also more likely to
remove their children.
Others such as Stuart McKay, a lay preacher in a fundamental
Pentecostal church, and his
wife Diane, manager of a charity shop, are
motivated by faith.
They decided to educate their children at home when their
eldest son
Reuben, now 14, was about to
go to school. He was followed by Joshua, 13,
Hannah, 11, Isaac, eight,
six-year-old Aaron and four-year-old Tamar. Baby
Phoebe was born eight weeks
ago, and will follow in their footsteps.
"We do it partly because the Bible says it is the
parents’ duty to
teach their children. But
also when Reuben was about to start school 10
years ago, there was a big
thing about bullying," says Diane, 39. "We wanted
to teach him ourselves. It
worked so well, we carried on with the rest of
our children."
Now their daily routine consists of morning assembly,
followed by
classes and household
chores.
The internet has made it easier for parents without
university degrees
or any background in
teaching to access information. Some will follow the
national curriculum, setting
up a classroom-style environment in their own
home; others prefer to
follow their children’s questioning.
Parents have a legal right to educate their children at home,
but many
still encounter outright
hostility from those who argue their children are
being denied the social
aspect of schooling.
In England, parents who want to withdraw their offspring from
school
have to write to the
headteacher, but in Scotland parents need the local
authority’s consent.
+ Article continues at:
http://news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=971442002
* * *
LETTER
The Delaware Autism Program.
There has been a lot of good press given lately to the
Delaware Autism
Program. The DAP does help many families to a certain
extent. There are
sincere, well-meaning
teachers, para-professionals, and speech therapists at
the DAP. But before a family
in another state reads all of this good press
and uproots their family,
leaves their relatives and friends, and sells
their house, commendably
doing this to help their autistic child, they need
to know that there is
another side to the story. DAP is not OZ. It is not
the place "over the
rainbow." Some parents feel that it amounts to little
more than a $50,000 per year
child care service, not reaching their child,
not giving their child
language, not helping their child attain nearly
his/her potential. And although many parents may feel that it
has helped
their child, they may not
have been made aware that their child was capable
of so much more. So much more than the limited – some might
say
over-stressed – resources of
the DAP are able to provide their child.
Just
because a program is better
than what is available in some other states,
does not mean that that
program is excellent or what can best benefit a
particular child.
There are parents who have moved to Delaware and then moved
back out
of Delaware because the DAP
could not adequately help their child.
The
Rzucidlo family moved to
Delaware so that their non-verbal autistic 4-year
old son, Ben, could attend
the DAP. Says his mother, Susan,
"We
specifically moved to have
Ben in a language-intensive program, our hope was
that Ben would gain speech.
DAP administration chose only to use PECS, even
though there were other
scientifically proven methods in existence for
teaching language. Their "one size fits all" approach
failed to meet IDEA
regulations." Ben was in the DAP for almost 2 years. The Rzucidlos
withdrew Ben from the DAP
because, in his parents' opinion,
"It seemed that
the best that the staff was
hoping for with Ben, was to make him a good
group home resident.
It was too early in Ben's life to decide what level he would
be able
to function at. There was also a lack of 1:1 services, a
lack of
accountability of DAP to the
parent, to the state, and to IDEA."
The
Rzucidlos moved out of
Delaware to gain better services for Ben elsewhere.
Ben, who is making steady
progress, is currently verbal and reads and
writes, things his parents
say they are sure would not have happened had he
remained in the DAP.
In addition to parents within Delaware who have either
withdrawn their
children from the DAP, or
who have left the state altogether, there are
parents who have recently
received the diagnosis who have decided that
spending money out-of-pocket
to run a home program would be better for their
child than opting for the
state-funded DAP.
Although there are other states that provide funding for home
programs, no funding for
services for home programs currently exists in
Delaware. Home programs have been proven to help many
children. Many home
programs even use
methodology that DAP staff says is used there.
Yet
parents have been
discouraged from doing this at home, where it can be
delivered in a much more
intensive, effective, highly individualized manner.
Home programs can provide
the vital ingredients of: intensive 1:1
interaction; intensive
repetition for skill acquisition; highly
individualized educational
and behavioral strategies; and typical peer
modeling of speech,
communication, social, imitative, and play skills. And
home programs can do this at
a lower cost.
The Speaker of the House of Delaware has co-sponsored a House
Resolution establishing a
committee to "examine the methods used in the
teaching of autistic
children within Delaware’s public schools." Part of
the work of the committee
will be to "examine the feasibility of offering
alternative programs as
additions to the current treatment and education
practices of Autism in the
State of Delaware." It is hoped
that this will
result in additional
alternatives for autistic children in Delaware who can
be better helped to reach
their potential in a program other than the DAP.
-Teri Small, Wilmington, Delaware
* * *
PUBLIC HEALTH
Autism Rise Blamed On
Environment
[This was reported here last week first when the filming
crews came to
California. Here is a BBC
report on the subject. By Richard
Watson BBC
Newsnight.]
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/2224126.stm
Autism, the devastating childhood learning disorder now
thought to
affect one in 200 children
in Britain, could be triggered by something in
the environment.
That is the ground-breaking conclusion being reached by some
of the
world's experts working in
California.
More than 3000 cases a year are diagnosed in California - a
ten fold
increase on the seventies.
The numbers are continuing to rise, with nine children every
day found
to have the condition.
It is widely believed that autism has a strong genetic
component.
But genetic diseases cannot lead to an epidemic-like rise in
cases
unless outside factors are
at play.
Better diagnosis
Better diagnosis is thought
to account for some of the rise, with more
informed parents
increasingly referring their children to specialists.
But many scientists in California are beginning to think the
unthinkable - that an
environmental factor is partly to blame.
Dr Ron Huff, California's most senior psychologist, who is in
charge
of the State's $1.8 billion
autism budget, told Newsnight that he now
believes that an as yet
unidentified environmental factor is partly to
blame.
This would be his "worst fear" because if an
environmental factor is
eventually found it is
likely that it would take decades to reduce the
effect and bring the numbers
of cases under control.
"If it is determined that an environmental link is
there, we're going
to see a lot more of this
before we can correct that," he said.
To account for the difference between the 200 - 300 cases a
year in
the 70s and the 3000 today
you would have to argue that in 2700 cases
clinicians were making
diagnoses which would have been missed before.
Dr Huff believes that the rise in autism cannot be put solely
down to
changing diagnostic
practise.
He said: "I think we would be foolish to attribute that
rise simply to
one single factor, I think
it's a combination of factors."
It also seems highly unlikely given that the Californian
statistics
only count the more serious
so called Level One cases of autistic disorder.
The symptoms of Level One cases, such as severely impaired
speech,
repetitive self-stimulatory
behaviour, lack of eye contact and socialisation
skills, are usually hard to
miss.
_______________________________________________________
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* * *
Can We Trust Charlie Tuna?
FDA Negligence On Methylmercury
[By Jae Hong Lee, MD, and Diana Zuckerman, Ph.D. from
Redflagsweekly.]
http://www.redflagsweekly.com/features/2002_august26_2.html
Here's a corporate cover-up you probably haven't heard about
yet:
Government scientists learn
that a widely-used product can potentially harm
children. Industry
executives persuade government officials that warnings
are unnecessary, and could
create a panic. The public is not told.
Don't panic, but read on if you know young children or
pregnant women
who eat a lot of tuna fish.
The risk that may be lurking in that tasty tuna salad
sandwich is
caused by mercury, a type of
air pollution that is spewed by power plants.
When mercury gets into our
streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, it becomes
methylmercury, a toxin that
is consumed by fish. When those fish are eaten
by children or pregnant
women or nursing mothers, they can harm the
developing nervous system of
children, causing learning disabilities or
other problems.
Pregnant mothers can expose their unborn child to mercury by
eating
contaminated fish, including
canned tuna. Nursing women can pass
methylmercury to their
newborns through breast milk. Young children who eat
a lot of tuna can also be
harmed.
Last year, the FDA issued a warning urging pregnant women,
nursing
mothers, and young children
to avoid eating shark, swordfish, tilefish (also
called golden bass or golden
snapper), and king mackerel because they
contained dangerously high
levels of methylmercury. The FDA "advisory" also
warned pregnant women and
nursing mothers not to consume more than 12 ounces
of any kind of fish per
week. Unfortunately, the FDA did almost nothing to
make sure that most
Americans were aware of these warnings. Even worse, the
FDA ignored the advice of
their own scientists and of consumer groups to
warn the public about the
moderate rates of methylmercury in fresh tuna and
canned tuna. Warning the
public about mercury in fish without mentioning the
potential risks of the most
popular fish in America would be like warning
teens about the risk of
drunk driving without mentioning beer.
A few days ago, at a meeting that received little press
attention, the
FDA asked their Advisory
Committee what warnings the public should be given
about mercury in fish.
Several consumer groups, including ours, urged the
FDA to tell the public what
they knew about the possible dangers of tuna. We
told them to put the
warnings where they would do some good--on restaurant
menus and on the packages of
fish, including canned fish, which people buy
in the store or fish market.
Advisory Committee members agreed with the consumers on
several key
points. They urged the FDA
to do a better job of warning the public about
the risks of mercury in
fish, including tuna. They also urged the FDA to
measure the levels of
mercury in canned tuna and other fish, to find out how
mercury levels may have
increased or decreased in different parts of the
country in the last few
years.
Will the FDA listen?
According to internal FDA
documents, previous FDA methylmercury warnings
were watered down after
representatives of the tuna industry met privately
with top FDA officials at
least 3 times. Participating in some of these
meetings were all the big
fish in the tuna industry -- StarKist, Bumble Bee,
Chicken of the Sea, and the
U.S. Tuna Foundation. Sitting across the table
were some of the highest
officials in the FDA.
Apparently, these industry executives were more persuasive
than the
National Academy of
Sciences, which estimates that every year 60,000
children are born at risk
for neurological problems due to methylmercury
exposure in the womb. These
problems could include learning disabilities,
such as Attention Deficit
and Hyperactivity Disorder.
Governors and other State officials are also aware of mercury
contamination in fish. At
least ten states mention tuna in their warnings
about methylmercury, and 41
states have issued over 2,000 fishing advisories
that restrict or ban the
consumption of freshly-caught fish because of these
concerns. The number of
advisories has more than doubled in the last decade.
The FDA now has another chance to do its job to protect
consumers from
unsafe food. The FDA's
Advisory Committee has made it clear that the FDA
should do more to measure
the levels of methylmercury in all fish, including
tuna, and to use that
information to provide warnings that consumers
actually hear about. If the
FDA wants to hold any additional meetings with
the fish industry, those
meetings should be public, with consumers at the
same table and reporters
invited to watch. Had the FDA done that last time,
women and children would be
better informed about the possible risks of tuna
and other fish, and the
FDA's wishy-washy warnings wouldn't seem so...fishy.
Dr. Jae Hong Lee is the Senior Medical Policy Analyst and Dr.
Diana
Zuckerman is the president
of the National Center for Policy Research (CPR)
for Women & Families, a
nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. They can be
reached at
info@center4policy.org .
For more information about why the FDA needs to hear from
consumers,
see
http://www.center4policy.org
and http://www.breastimplantinfo.org
* * *
Disabled Children Sue Over
Triple Diphtheria Vaccine
[By Rajeev Syal in the Telegraph, UK.]
The manufacturer of the controversial MMR vaccine is being
sued over
claims that another of its
triple inoculations has caused cerebral palsy and
autism in hundreds of
British children.
A group of 120 disabled children have joined a class action,
which
claims that their illnesses
were caused by the three-in-one diphtheria,
pertussis and tetanus (DPT)
vaccine made by Glaxo Wellcome and the Wellcome
Foundation.
Glaxo Wellcome is now part of GlaxoSmithKline, the company
which is
facing a separate claim by
several thousand children whose autism was
allegedly triggered by the
company's measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
vaccine.
The Government has previously admitted that the DPT vaccine
can cause
problems in some children
and paid limited compensation to victims under the
1979 Vaccine Damages
Payments Act.
Debbie Murphy of Alexander Harris, a Manchester-based
solicitors firm
that is leading the class
action, said: "We are anxious to prove that a link
does exist and we believe
that there is enough evidence to mount a case
against the
manufacturers."
One of the children allegedly harmed by the DPT vaccine is
Karl
Radunovic, 8, from
Wakefield, West Yorkshire, who is suing through his
mother, Elizabeth.
Karl was injected with the DPT vaccine when only a few weeks
old and
immediately reacted badly.
Doctors still believed that he was well, but Mrs
Radunovic was convinced that
there had been a fundamental change in his
behaviour.
"The doctors thought I had a lazy child, but I knew that
this was not
how a baby acts," she
said. "I knew that he was ill. He was like a rag doll,
his head lolling to one
side."
At the age of 18 months, Karl was diagnosed with cerebral
palsy. He
now needs to be monitored 24
hours a day.
"We want the courts to get to the bottom of all this,
and prove that
the medical companies should
bear some responsibility," she said.
The DPT vaccine is usually given to babies, normally at two,
three and
four months of age. It
consists of dead bacteria and inactive toxins which
stimulate a baby's immune
system to fight the diseases.
The element of the vaccine known as pertussis, or more
commonly
whooping cough, has
previously been linked with a rise in childhood ailments
including asthma and
cerebral palsy.
At present, the legal action has been granted legal aid,
subject to
final approval being given
by the Legal Services Commission. A Glaxo
SmithKline spokesman
declined to comment on any impending litigation.
* * *
CARE
3 Risk Factors in Violent
Behavior Among People With Severe Mental Illness
http://dukemednews.org/news/article.php?id=5806
People with severe mental illnesses are highly unlikely to
become
violent toward others unless
they have additional risk factors combined with
their psychiatric disorder,
according to a new study led by researchers at
Duke University Medical
Center.
Among people with severe mental illness, a combination of
three risk
factors -- having been a
victim of violence during childhood, living in a
neighborhood where violence
is common, and having a substance abuse
problem -- can increase the
likelihood of violent behavior more than
tenfold, the researchers
found. Without any of these risk factors, those
with severe mental illness
were no more likely to engage in violent
behaviors than people in the
general population without a psychiatric
disorder.
"Acts of violence by people with mental illness are
rare," said
Jeffrey Swanson, Ph.D.,
associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral
sciences, a sociologist at
Duke and lead author of the study. "While the
illness certainly plays a
role, the risk factors we examined compound the
illness in a way that makes
violence more probable. Those risk factors
should be a large part of
the focus of treatment and services for persons
with mental illness and a
history of violence."
Swanson noted, "violent crimes committed by psychiatric
patients
become big headlines and
reinforce the social stigma and rejection felt by
many individuals who suffer
from mental illness. But our findings suggest
that serious violence is the
rare exception among all people with
psychiatric disorders. The
public perception that people who are mentally
ill are typically violent is
unfounded."
The study appears in the September 2002 issue of the American
Journal
of Public Health and was
funded by the National Institute of Mental Health
(NIMH).
The researchers conducted confidential interviews with 802
adults from
North Carolina, New
Hampshire, Maryland and Connecticut who had been treated
for severe psychiatric
conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or
major depression.
Participants in this observational study were asked whether
they had
committed any acts of
violence toward others during the previous year that
involved the use of weapons
or caused physical injury to another person.
Overall, the prevalence of
violence was 13 percent. Among participants who
did not have any of the
three risk factors cited above, less than 2 percent
reported acting violently.
Those who had a combination of two of the risk
factors had nearly a 10
percent likelihood of violent behavior during a
one-year period. Adding a
third risk factor tripled the likelihood of
violent behavior to about 30
percent.
"The prevalence and pattern of violent behavior found in
this study
supports previous research
findings on the link between violence and mental
illness," said Swanson.
"A great deal of the violence in our mentally-ill
participants appears to be
attributable to factors outside of their illness.
Those acts of violence are
quite uncommon overall, and there are typically a
number of other factors
involved, like living in an impoverished high-crime
neighborhood. However, when
violence does occur, it requires that a
disproportionate amount of
public resources be spent on treatment in
institutional settings --
which are the most restrictive and also the most
expensive."
Swanson said many of the tragedies caused by violent behavior
of
people with mental illness
are preventable with the appropriate resources.
Yet many individuals with
serious and disabling psychiatric disorders are
not receiving the treatment
and support that might enable them to live
productive lives in the
community, especially as states restrict their
services in response to
budget pressures.
"If we’re worried about violence among people with
serious mental
illness, we need to pay far
more attention to finding safe housing in decent
neighborhoods, mitigating
the effects of physical and sexual victimization,
and aggressively treating
substance-abuse issues," said Marvin Swartz, M.D.,
professor of psychiatry at
Duke and an author on the study.
* * *
TREATMENT
'Drama' Treatment Under The
Spotlight
[By Ciaran O'Neill in the Belfast Telegraph. Note that no
research
regarding efficacy is cited
in this article.]
http://www.headinout.co.uk/arts/story.jsp?story=328494
A major conference on an innovative form of alternative
medical
treatment will be held in
Londonderry next month.
The conference at the Magee campus of the University of
Ulster, from
September 20-22, will focus
on dramatheraphy, which uses drama and theatre
processes to help people
suffering from a range of conditions.
Among the conditions which dramatherapy is believed to help
treat are
clinical depression, mental
illness, autism, addictions, learning
difficulties and
post-traumatic stress.
According to supporters of the treatment, it helps people
change their
behaviour and thought
processes, increasing self-confidence and
self-awareness.
Dr Tom Maguire, one of the organisers of next month's
conference,
today said he believed
dramatherapy should be recognised as a legitimate
clinical treatment in
Northern Ireland.
"Dramatherapy is a treatment that is used widely
throughout the rest
of the UK and its merits are
widely recognised and acknowledged.
"I would encourage its use within the mental health
sector here in
Northern Ireland and I would
like to see it recognised as a legitimate
method of treatment.
"There is suspicion of alternative methods of treating
disorders, but
we must make moves to
eradicate this perception and catch up with the rest
of the UK," he added.
Among the speakers will be South American Direct of Community
and
Therapeutic Theatre, Augusto
Boal.
The event will be co-hosted by the University of Ulster,
Dramatherapy
Northern Ireland and The
British Association of Dramatherapists.
The University of Ulster is set to launch a new four-year
Arts Therapy
course, which will provide
the first opportunity in Ireland to study
dramatherapy.
* * *
RESEARCH
Deviant Gene May Up West
Nile Risk
[Frank E. Stepnowski explains why he is sending to an autism
newsletter an article about
West Nile Virus. "I want to make the point that
even though some researchers
believe that there is a correlation between the
rate of autism and some gene
variants, that does not make autism a genetic
disease, in the sense that
the genes cause autism (other than the few cases
of autism caused by fragile
X syndrome.)
The genes may merely make one person more susceptible to
environmental
damage, triggers or
autoimmune responses. West Nile Virus
is not a genetic
disease, but there may be a
correlation with certain genes. The point
is
often confused by people in
the media." By PAUL RECER for the AP.]
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20020820/ap_on_he_me/west_
nile_risks_2 <- - address
ends here.
A genetic study in mice suggests that a flawed gene may be the
reason
the West Nile virus causes a
severe, life-threatening illness in some while
giving others only a
relatively mild infection, according to French
researchers.
For most people, West Nile causes only flu-like symptoms. But
for some
patients, particularly the
young and the elderly, West Nile can be much more
serious, causing a swelling
of the brain that can be lethal.
Pasteur Institute scientists, searching for genes that might
affect
the progression of West Nile
infections, tested a series of laboratory mouse
strains to see if there is a
genetic type that is more likely to die after
being exposed to the virus.
They found that animals in the mouse strain called BALB/c all
died
within 13 days when injected
with the West Nile virus. When these animals
were mated with other mouse
strains, some of the offspring died from the
virus, while others were
little affected.
By analyzing the genes of both the BALB/c mice and the mixed
strains
with a high rate of West
Nile deaths, the researchers isolated a specific
gene variation that
increased the susceptibility to the virus, the
researchers report. They
called the variation the West Nile gene.
+ Article continues:
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20020820/ap_on_he_me/west_nile_risks_2
_______________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________
* * *
Postpartum Live Virus
Vaccination: Lessons From Veterinary Medicine
[From Medical Hypotheses – Abstract.]
www.harcourt-international.com/journals/mehy/previous.cfm?art=mehy.2002.0168
F. Edward Yazbak, Catherine
J.M. Diodati
p 280-282, Volume 59, Number
3, September 2002
Pregnant rubella-susceptible women are often revaccinated
during the
postpartum period with the
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR).
It is known that the rubella virus from vaccine is secreted
in breast
milk and persists in the
nose and throat for up to 28 days but it is not
known whether the measles
and mumps viruses are similarly secreted.
It is probable the measles virus from vaccine is.
© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd
* * *
Readers' Posts (Return!)
First Baptist Church in
downtown Modesto, California has "the bridges"
ministry run by a wonderful
woman who has experience in special ed.
They
provide opportunities for
the children to be "mainstreamed" with their peers
in Sunday school with a
trained one-on-one volunteer from the church or the
kids can stay in the bridges
classroom that is equipped with sensory
integration equipment,
computers, videos and lots of interaction with
volunteers! They rock! - Tell them "Dan the
Man" was bragging!
******
I am looking for potty
training tips for my non-verbal (soon-to-be) 6 year
old. He knows exactly what
he's supposed to do, but holds it till the
one-second we are not
looking, and does his business on the floor. Can
anyone suggest how I can
find info on how to remedy this situation for a
non-verbal child? I even have a doll for a visual aide, but it
doesn't seem
to be doing the trick. Nanc