SCHAFER AUTISM REPORT "Healing Autism:
No Finer a Cause on the Planet"
Check out the SAR Calendar
of Events September Update
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/-AuTeach/message/1952
________________________________________________________________
September 25, 2002 CALENDAR LISTING:
EVENTS@doitnow.com
TREATMENT
* Opening Silent Doors: She Teaches Autistic Children To Sing
RESEARCH
* Unraveling Autism, "Spaced Out"?
* Brainstem Lesions In Autism:
Birth Asphyxia As A Causative Factor Abstract
AWARENESS
* Mind The Gap: Sam Loves To Touch Stinging Nettles &
Electric Fences
FUNDRAISING
* Organization For Autism Research – New Group, Newsletter for Research
- OAR Launches
Applied Research Program
- Promising
Research!
- “Parent’s Guide
To Research” – Coming Soon!
- Other Voices VI -
“An Evening with Shotgun and OAR”
* Readers' Posts
TREATMENT
Opening Silent Doors: She
Teaches Autistic Children To Sing
[By Charles Honey in The Grand Rapids Press
http://www.southbendtribune.com/stories/2002/09/22/local.20020922-sbt-MICH-D
8-Opening_silent_doors.sto
LOWELL, Mich. - Kevin VanderVeen closed his eyes, grinned
broadly and
sang a song he had just
learned: "God is with us, and he shall reign, he
shall reign, he shall reign
forever." A 14-year-old boy with autism, Kevin
was getting the hang of the
tune.
Sister Mary Margaret Delaski, his music teacher, decided to
take it up
a notch and have Kevin
perform with her on the keyboard and his brother,
Mike, on bass guitar.
"Why don't you stand up, you and Mike, and pretend
you're in front of
church, for the fun of
it?" she told Kevin.
He giggled and immediately obliged.
A guitar hung around his neck.
Suddenly, he launched into the song, singing loudly and
banging away
on the guitar before Delaski
and Michael were ready.
"Just a minute, just a minute, Kevin," Delaski
said, gently reaching
toward his guitar.
"When you're in a group, you've got to wait,
Kevin." Here, at the
Franciscan Life Process
Center in Lowell, Mich., he sings and strums with
abandon every week,
expressing in music what he cannot put into words.
Delaski has been teaching Kevin for five years.
He is one of many autistic children whose doors of silence
she gently
unlocks with song.
She is one of four Franciscan Center music therapists who work
with
autistic students from
preschoolers through young adults.
During the school year, more than 100 come for music therapy
each
month to the
education/therapy center and farm north of Lowell.
Kevin rarely utters a complete sentence, can only count to 20
and
cannot read.
But with Delaski's tutoring, he can memorize entire songs and
stand up
and play them at school
assemblies.
His parents say Kevin learns music in a way he cannot learn
anything
else.
"Anything he's learned that's got music in it, he
remembers it," said
his father, Steve
VanderVeen, after a recent lesson at Delaski's music
studio.
"I can't find anything outside of here that he can
remember that well
and learn that fast."
One local expert says it stands to reason that music
could help autistic children
relax from the stress that often riddles them.
"If you can't communicate very well, you become more
anxious and
stressed," said Judith
McKenna Shea, project manager of the Grand Valley
State University autism
center.
"I think that's why the music approach is used
often." Delaski is
convinced music can break
through the emotional barrier that usually
surrounds autistic children.
Though symptoms of the brain disorder are wide-ranging, many
autistic
children seem to dwell in
their own worlds, indifferent to people around
them and unable to speak
much or at all.
They often become absorbed by objects or repetitive sounds
and
actions, insist on routine
and sameness, and sometimes throw uncontrollable
tantrums.
But some also show remarkable gifts in areas, such as math or
music.
Their seemingly natural affinity for the latter intrigued
Delaski
while she was working on a
degree in music therapy at Michigan State
University.
A native of Ashland, Wis., Delaski grew up playing multiple
instruments in a
music-loving home.
She brought her love of music into the Franciscan sisterhood
and
parochial schools, where she
noticed some of the most troublesome students
were stars in her music
classes.
"I began to see the gift of music in their life,"
Delaski recalled.
That led her to music therapy as a way to bring the gift to
people
struggling with disease,
dying and disability.
She brings it to patients at Saint Mary's hospital, residents
at
Porter Hills Presbyterian
Village and special-needs children and their
families.
She specializes in autistic children, whose hard-to-reach
minds
sometimes respond to music
in surprising ways.
Delaski has seen withdrawn children grab drumsticks and bang
the skins
with glee.
She has seen frenetic kids grow quiet to the soft strums of a
guitar.
One student memorized a Bach keyboard prelude in two lessons.
Music also seems to unscramble autistic children's disorderly
minds,
helping them learn to count
and say words, she says.
She has seen children who have barely uttered a syllable
blurt out
whole phrases.
The structure of music "gives them something to hang
onto," she says.
"I'm not going to pretend there's 180-degree
turnarounds," she
stressed.
"But there are inroads.
Anytime, with an autistic child, change is wonderful.
It's a cause to rejoice." In her five years of working
with Kevin,
Delaski has fashioned
special aids to help him play the guitar.
She tunes it to an open "C" chord and has labeled
the other chord
positions on the neck of his
guitar.
Unable to form chords with his fingers, he straps a plastic
clamp onto
his left hand with which he
can press down on the strings.
Thus equipped, Kevin strums confidently and quickly commits
to memory
the chords Delaski writes on
his song sheets.
"He's like a whole different person with a guitar in his
hand -- and
an audience," said his
father, Steve, of Grand Rapids.
Kevin was the star of the show when he played and sang in
concerts at
Creston Mayfield Christian
School.
He now attends the Creston High School autism program.
His father has seen Kevin make frustratingly slow progress in
swimming, Little League and
speaking.
He will say "windmill spinning" or "string is
broken" 20 times over,
but sentences usually stymie
him.
Music, on the other hand, opens up a fountain of words.
His parents have seen him grow in ability and confidence,
drawing
standing ovations at school
assemblies and singing Christmas carols at
family gatherings.
"Music is the one thing that doesn't shut him
down," Steve VanderVeen
said.
Far from it.
He has memorized a book full of songs from "She'll Be
Coming Around
the Mountain" to
"More Precious Than Silver." His face shone with excitement
as he sang.
Delaski gently urged
him on, then had him play it with his brother,
Mike, on bass.
She hopes to teach Kevin how to play with a group.
He earns his fun with hard work, though.
At one point, Delaski taught him to enunciate the words of a new
song,
trying to slow down his
rushed delivery of the words, "Behold, what manner
of love the father has given
to us." He faithfully repeated her words, even
when she didn't want him to.
"If I say, 'father-has-given-to-us,' " she began --
"fadderhasgintous,"
Kevin repeated -- "nobody will understand me," she
continued --
"nobodywillunnerstanme," Kevin said.
He grinned.
She shook her head and chuckled.
"After five years, I never tire of playing with
Kevin," she said at
the end of a recent session.
"OK Kevin, that's all we have time for today," she
told her student.
"You did very well." "Yeah!" he piped.
He packed up his guitar and bounded out of the room,
re-entering his
inner world until he could
sing again.
_______________________________________________________
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* * *
RESEARCH
Unraveling Autism,
"Spaced Out"?
http://www.ivanhoe.com/channels/p_channelstory.cfm?storyid=4444&channelid=CH
AN-100013
Ivanhoe Newswire -- A new study shows people with autism may
suffer
from deficiencies in a part
of their brain responsible for handling spatial
memory.
Studies on autistic individuals have shown they often
demonstrate
deficits in higher-order
thinking abilities, including impairments involving
language, working memory,
and voluntary response inhibition. These problems
lead to the typical symptoms
of the disease, which is characterized by
inflexibility, the tendency
to insist on adhering to strict rules, and
difficulty adapting to new
situations.
Many of the higher-order thinking abilities impaired in
autism are
linked to a part of the
brain called the prefrontal cortex. Investigators
from the University of
Pittsburgh studied whether problems with spatial
working memory are also
linked to abnormalities in the prefrontal circuitry.
The study involved 11 autistic patients and 6 healthy
volunteers. All
underwent spatial memory
tests while undergoing MRI scans of their brains.
Results showed autistic
subjects had significantly less activity in
prefrontal brain areas when
trying to complete the spatial tasks than the
healthy volunteers.
Researchers conclude abnormalities in this area of the brain
may play
a role in autism. They
write: "Higher-order cognition, which continues to
develop throughout childhood
and adolescence, could be especially
compromised with
disconnectivity of frontal circuitry. Hence, higher-order
cognitive processes may be
impaired in autism owing to a lack of functional
integration of frontal
regions in distributed systems that may reflect
abnormality in brain
maturation."
SOURCE: Neurology, 2002;59:834-840
* * *
Brainstem Lesions In Autism:
Birth Asphyxia As A Causative Factor Abstract
http://www.cordclamping.com/autism.htm
N. Simon and G.M. Morley
Conrad Simon Memorial Research Initiative
<http://conradsimon.org/>,
11 Hayes Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02420-3521
Immediate clamping of the umbilical cord at birth has become
a
standard procedure during
the past two decades. This merits investigation as
the cause of increased
incidence of autism.Clamping of the umbilical cord
before the lungs function
induces a period of total asphyxia and produces
severe hypovolemia by
preventing placental transfusion - a 30% to 50% loss
of blood volume - resulting
in a hypoxic, ischemic neonate at risk for brain
damage.
As in circulatory arrest and other factors that disrupt
aerobic
metabolism, damage of
brainstem nuclei and the cerebellum can result.
Visible damage seen in some
cases of autism also involves brainstem nuclei
and the cerebellum. The
brainstem auditory pathway is especially vulnerable
to brief total asphyxia.
Impairment of the auditory system can be linked to verbal auditory
agnosia, which underlies the
language disorder in some children with autism.
Due to blood loss into the
placenta, the immediately clamped neonate is very
prone to develop infant
anemia that has been widely correlated with mental
deficiency and learning /
behavior disorders that become evident in grade
school.
We propose that increased incidence of autism, infant anemia,
childhood mental disorders
and hypoxic ischemic brain damage, all originate
at birth from one cause -
immediate umbilical cord clamping. This deserves
to be investigated as
extensively as genetics or exposure to toxic
substances as an etiological
factor for autism. Normal cord closure, with
placental oxygenation and
transfusion, prevents asphyxia and ischemia.
Allowing physiological cord
closure at every delivery could at least reduce
the incidence of birth brain
injuries.
The abstract above is being presented at the upcoming IMFAR
conference
<http://imfar.org/index2.html> (International Meeting for Autism
Research) November 1, 2002.
[Editor's note: it does not appear that this
study has been been peer
review published. -LS]
* * *
AWARENESS
Mind The Gap: Sam Loves To
Touch Stinging Nettles And Electric Fences
Autism means he lives in a
different sensory universe
[By Charlotte Moore in The Guardian.]
http://www.guardian.co.uk/parents/story/0,3605,798406,00.html
When Sam was 18 months old, he blundered into a clump of
stinging
nettles. I braced myself for
the screams. None came. Indeed, no sooner had I
dragged him out than he
sought a fresh bunch and stung himself across the
face, quite deliberately.
The same thing happened when he first encountered an electric
fence.
Even at two, Sam was a fast
runner. Before I could reach him, he'd charged
straight into the fence. Oh
no, I thought, he'll never want to go for a walk
again. Not a bit of it. He
spent the next few weeks plotting to repeat the
experience - and succeeded.
On neither occasion did he cry.
This was long before Sam's autism was diagnosed. His
indifference to
pain surprised me, but I
wasn't worried. I just thought I had a brave, tough
son, who was perhaps
somewhat bloody-minded. And when he was diagnosed at
four, his condition was
described in terms of a social and intellectual
deficit. No mention was made
of his abnormal sensory responses.
Autism is identified by the presence, to a greater or lesser
degree,
of a "triad" of
impairments - of social interaction, communication, and
imagination. Yet almost
everyone on the spectrum also has sensory
abnormalities. Temple
Grandin, a very able autistic woman, devotes much time
to perfecting a
"squeeze box" to provide the pressure that gives her the
tactile balance she
requires. The autistic author Donna Williams can't
function under strip
lighting; it makes her see figures as jerky and
disjointed. Sam, like many
others, has problems with spatial orientation;
sometimes he rocks back and
forth on his feet, unable to move forwards, as
if the ground in front of
him might swallow him up.
Such abnormalities are not always problems. Many autists
experience
pleasure in sights, sounds
and textures more intensely than we could without
recourse to drugs. Donna
Williams could hear a snake passing the house while
she was indoors.
I heard about a boy who saw the Spiderman film. Adults were
talking
about the removal of the
twin towers from all the scenes. No, said the boy,
the twin towers are in it.
No, they're not, said the adults, they can't be.
They watched the film again.
The twin towers are visible, once, fleetingly,
as a reflection in one of
Spider-man's eyes. George, my other autistic son,
used to gaze, literally
entranced, at sparkling water or dustmotes dancing
in a sunbeam. He has always
been absorbed by colour - he fixated on a red
plastic teddy when only a
few weeks old. For years, he has produced abstract
paintings and drawings which
have the vibrance of a Mark Rothko or a Howard
Hodgkin.
Clare Sainsbury, in her autobiographical book Martian in the
Playground, attributes these
anomalies to the cerebellum, which acts as a
"volume knob" on
the senses. The volume may be turned too high, in which
case a light touch may be
felt as a blow, or too low, as in the case of Sam
and the nettles. Many
autists are highly sound-sensitive, but it's not
simply a case of noise
level. Some loud noises may be acceptable, even
gratifying - George turns
the TV up as high as it will go - while others
(vacuum cleaners, hand
driers and the like) will be unendurable.
And there may be little overlap with what we neurotypicals
find
repulsive or acceptable.
George sniffs every plate before choosing one, but
he lies on top of our old
dog, while the rest of us are felled by her
near-lethal halitosis.
I believe that sensory abnormalities should form part of the
diagnostic criteria. What
difference would this make? Well, it would
encourage us to see autism
as a physical condition, not just a mental one.
It's not just that my sons
can't or won't communicate or play with other
children; George and Sam are
autistic in every fibre of their beings. If the
physicality of autism was
accepted, schools and work places could remove or
adapt things that cause sensory
distress - bells, strong-smelling cleaning
fluids, strip lighting,
whatever. And, looking to the future, more research
could be done on the kind of
messages the autistic nerves or brain are
transmitting.
We've rejected the once universally-held belief that autism
is an
emotional disturbance caused
by a hard, over-intellectual "refrigerator
mother". But we still
assess an autistic child in terms of educational
handicap, and fail to
recognise him as the differently-wired being he really
is.
* * *
FUNDRAISING
Organization For Autism
Research – New Group, Newsletter for Research
[The Organization For Autism Research is a new autism
research
fundraising group who has a
goal of raising money for autism treatment
research, an area of
research most other autism fundraising organizations do
not focus on. OAR has some
roots with the Autism Society of America
Foundation. Some Foundation people recently left the ASA
to eventually
start up OAR under
controversial circumstances.
The Schafer Autism Report reproduces OAR's new newsletter here
so that
they may introduce
themselves to you in their own words.
The SAR
occasionally reproduces
another organization's newsletter for our reader's
information only and it does
not necessarily indicate a recommendation of
that group by the SAR.
–Lenny Schafer.]
The OARacle, September 2002
The Monthly E-Newsletter of
the Organization for Autism Research
www.autismorg.com
RESEARCH AND RESOURCES THAT HELP FAMILIES TODAY!
OAR is pleased to
bring you its first edition of The OARacle, a
monthly e-newsletter
containing news and resources for the autism community.
In this issue:
· Message
from OAR’s President
· Latest
News
· Resources
· Upcoming
Events
==========================================
A FEW WORDS FROM OAR PRESIDENT JIM SACK
==========================================
“OAR is going to focus research on the generation living
with autism
today.” That was our purpose
in founding OAR last December. It’s been
exciting to see our mission
put into action. We’re taking a different
approach with our focus on
applied research, our emphasis on feedback to the
autism community, and our
plan to link the two. After you read this first
edition of The OARacle, you
will share that excitement too.
As the father of two teenagers with autism, I applaud the
work that is
being done in biomedical
research. This research will eventually tell us
what causes autism, offer
new treatment possibilities, and hopefully lead to
the prevention of this
complex disorder one day. Its promise, however, is
clearly long term. It offers
little today or in the near-term for my son and
daughter.
Through our funded research and information programs, OAR
will attempt
to demystify autism by
taking on difficult questions that parents, families,
teachers, individuals with
autism, and caregivers ask each day like: What
are the components of
effective education for persons with autism? How do we
best prepare adults with
autism to live and work in their communities? The
pursuit and dissemination of
this practical knowledge is the essence of OAR’
s mission.
Let me tell you what
OAR has accomplished to date and give you a
glimpse at our plans for
2003.
Our credibility starts with the quality and interest of the
Scientific
Council, OAR’s scientific
and professional advisory board, which came
together in less than six
months. (You will read more in the news section of
this newsletter.) A special
thanks to Dr. Peter Gerhardt for his leadership
in attracting this
distinguished group to OAR.
With the Scientific Council in place, OAR has just issued its
first
call for research proposals
to leading researchers, research facilities, and
university centers for
disabilities across the country. We will begin
funding our first study on
January 1, one year to the day that we opened OAR
’s offices.
OAR is writing the “Parent’s Guide to Research” intended as a
resource
for parents of children
newly diagnosed with autism. The first copies will
be available by year-end.
In 2003, OAR will fund its second round of research studies
in July.
You will also see OAR’s
Autism Information Program take form in an enhanced
web site that will feature
an “Ask the Experts” series, the “Parent’s Guide”
I just mentioned, and the
first public conference of our Scientific Council.
The OARacle will keep you informed about these and other
activities
and will invite you to take
an active role along the way. Thank you for your
feedback, interest and
support.
=========
NEWS
=========
OAR LAUNCHES APPLIED
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Autism is a lifelong challenge. As their child grows, parents
search
for answers about early
intervention, then education, followed by
socialization and higher
levels of education, housing, employment
opportunities and options
for independent living.
Earlier this month, OAR issued its first Request for
Proposals (RFP)
to solicit applications for
innovative research projects, thus officially
launching its Applied
Research Program. OAR plans to fund two new studies:
one focused on early
childhood autism treatment, Applied Behavior Analysis
(ABA), and education; the
other targeted toward adults and their potential
for successful employment.
According to OAR Scientific Council Chairman Peter Gerhardt,
these
areas of research are often
overlooked due to lack of funding for applied
research and some flawed
assumptions.
“There’s a crying need for applied research like this and
there is a
lot of confusion about what
constitutes quality programming (intervention)
for an individual with ASD,”
he explained. “The term ‘ABA' is being used as
a seal of approval for a
broad range of applications, delivered by a highly
diverse pool of professionals
with extreme variations in training,
experience and credentials.
Not only does this need clarification — and the
certification of behavior
analysts is certainly one step toward that — but
we also need to better
define those parameters that most directly impact the
effectiveness of
interventions that are based upon ABA."
Gerhardt continued, “Except for their family members, the
needs of
adults with autism were
largely ignored. That’s changing today.”
“A growing number of autism researchers, educators, and
professionals
are beginning to explore
ways to enhance the lives of adults through
research into jobs, housing,
and even the concept of ‘late intervention,’ —
i.e. treatments more
effective later in life. It’s wide open.” Gerhardt, who
serves as Executive Director
of the Nassau Suffolk Services for Autism and
the Martin C. Barell School
in Long Island, N.Y., further noted,
“Researchers are interested
in these questions but they haven’t had the
opportunities to study them.
OAR is now offering those opportunities.
I
expect a fairly significant
response to our RFP.”
OAR will award two one-year grants for up to $30,000 each.
The studies
selected will rank among the
first pilot studies in a growing research
portfolio related to
childhood and adult issues. Gerhardt believes studies
such as these, which call
for researchers to analyze persons with autism at
work and school, will
provide valuable information because the research will
be conducted in unaltered,
natural settings.
Applications for these grants are due on Nov. 1. For more
information,
please contact Mike Maloney,
Executive Director, (703) 351-5031;
mmaloney@autismorg.com.
-------------------------------------
PROMISING RESEARCH!
-------------------------------------
“[Results from a new study] suggest that experimental
analysis of
precursor behaviors
represents a promising method to decrease risk to
participants or caregivers
during functional analyses of dangerous
behaviors.”
For a link to the complete article in the “Journal of Applied
Behavior
Analysis,” please visit this
Web site:
http://www.envmed.rochester.edu/wwwvgl/jaba_articles/2002/smith-35-125.pdf
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL PLAYS CRITICAL ROLE
Identifying other areas of research vital to increasing the
quality of
life for individuals with
autism is one of the primary goals of OAR’s newly
formed Scientific Council.
Headed up by Gerhardt, the Council draws from a
diverse pool of talent from
inside and outside the autism community.
The 11 members, two of whom are parents of children with
autism,
represent academic centers
and educational facilities from across the
country. Among them is
Joanne Gerenser, Executive Director of Eden II, a
facility located in Staten Island,
N.Y. that offers programs for individuals
across the lifespan.
She cites OAR’s mission as the reason for her involvement. “I
loved
the concept of OAR because
it addresses the needs of people today,” said
Gerenser, who is also a
speech pathologist. While serving on the Council,
her long-term goal is to
encourage schools serving the needs of children
with autism to apply for
research grants and conduct research that may yield
practical approaches to
facility-based care.
“Even if we can get out small pieces of information, that
would be
great,” she explained.
“After getting a small grant, researchers can then
start thinking about
applying for larger grants.”
The other members of the Scientific Council include:
- Glen Dunlap, Professor, Positive Behavior and Support
Project for
the Department of Child and
Family Studies at the Mental Health Institute,
University of South Florida
in Louis de la Parte, Fla.;
- Michael Fabrizio, Managing Partner of Fabrizio/Moors
Consulting, an
educational and behavioral
consulting private practice specializing in
fluency-based instruction
for learners with autism in Seattle, Wash.;
- Suzanne Letso, Chief Executive of the Connecticut Center
for Child
Development in Milford,
Conn. and parent of a child with autism;
- Michael Londner, Director of Medical Student Education at
the Johns
Hopkins University in
Baltimore, Md.;
- James Anton Mulick, Professor, Department of Psychology,
College of
Social Behavioral Sciences
at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio;
- Brenda Myles, Associate Professor of Special Education at
the
University of Kansas in
Kansas City, Kan.;
- Michael Powers, Newington Children’s Center and Yale
University in
New Haven, Conn.;
- Robert Sprague, Professor Emeritus, Community Health,
Kinesiology at
the University of Illinois
in Champaign, Ill.;
- Luke Tsai, Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics at the
University
of Michigan Medical School
and Director, Developmental Disorders/Autism
Program of the University of
Michigan Health System in Ann Arbor, Mich., as
well as a parent of a child
with autism.
In the next year, the Scientific Council plans to bring together
other
members of the autism
community to discuss applied research priorities and
develop strategies for
meeting those goals. Look for further updates in
upcoming editions of The
OARacle.
==============
RESOURCES
==============
“Parent’s Guide To
Research” – Coming Soon!
When a child is first diagnosed with an autism spectrum
disorder, many
parents face immediate and
difficult decisions about treatment choices.
Often they turn to
information sources that offer diverse viewpoints on
therapies but few concrete
answers on what is best for their child.
Parents will soon have a central resource to aid them in
making the
right choices. OAR, in
partnership with Danya International, is writing the
“Parent’s Guide to Research,”
a basic primer on autism research and
reference tool for parents.
The Guide will contain a glossary of terms, an
overview of scientific
research, how to determine if a particular study may
or may not be representative
for a particular child as well as questions to
ask about treatments,
therapies, and other methodologies under
consideration. This
publication will be available in print and on the Web
later this fall.
Stay tuned for updates on the release date in future editions
of The
OARacle.
===========
EVENTS
===========
OTHER VOICES VI
“An Evening with Shotgun and OAR,”
Carolines on Broadway, New York City
Mon., Oct. 21, 8 p.m.
Join us in the Big Apple for a comedy and cabaret evening
benefiting
autism research and a New
York City women’s theatrical organization. For the
sixth year in a row, Other
Voices VI makes it possible to hear the voices of
those not presently heard —
rising talent in the performing arts and those
diagnosed with autism who
cannot speak.
Held for the fourth time at Carolines on Broadway, the show
will
feature four excellent
Broadway and cabaret personalities and will be hosted
by Christine Nagy, the
morning show anchor at New York’s hit station Z100.
The event includes a
cocktail reception, followed by dinner. For information
on tickets and sponsorships,
contact Ellen Maidman-Tanner, Director Programs
and Development, at (703)
351-5031; emaidman-tanner@autismorg.com.
WEST COAST AUTISM GOLF CLASSIC 2002
Vista Valley Country Club, Vista, CA
Mon., Nov. 18
OAR also invites you to its inaugural West Coast Autism Golf
Classic
to be held at one of the most b