Severe pancytopenia triggered by recombinant hepatitis B vaccine

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Br J Haematol 2000 Jul;110(1):230-233

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Severe pancytopenia triggered by recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.

Viallard JF, Boiron JM, Parrens M, Moreau JF, Ranchin V, Reiffers J, Leng B, Pellegrin JL.

Clinique de Medecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Service d'Hematologie, Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France. JF.viallard@umr5540.u-bordeaux2.fr

We describe the case of a teenager who developed fever, arthritis, cutaneous vasculitis and severe pancytopenia 3 weeks after the third vaccination boost with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Bone marrow examination showed paucity of late myeloid elements and, subsequently, maturation arrest. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient was dramatically increased. An underlying immune predisposition (HLA-DR3) may have indirectly enabled the vaccine to trigger a hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. It is therefore possible that the pancytopenia was induced by a dysregulation of the CD8+ T-cell compartment via increased IFN-gamma production.

PMID: 10931005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

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