http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/11/11/1036308624212.html
Brain size could determine onset of autism
The brain size of babies as young as four months old could signal whether they would develop autism, an American researcher announced at an international conference here today. Dr Eric Courchesne, of the University of California, said his study negated worldwide speculation that the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination was a cause of autism. He said his "striking and surprising finding" was that autistic children had abnormally fast brain growth that began around four months' of age. "Our finding places the biological beginning of this disorder at a very early timeframe," he told reporters at the inaugural World Autism Conference. The MMR vaccine was given to children at 12 to 18 months of age but his
study showed the abnormal brain growth occurred before this age.
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"So clearly MMR vaccination is not causing this very early, massive and really striking and distinctive biological phenomenon," he said.
Dr Courchesne, who is a professor in the university's Department of Neurosciences, said he hoped future studies would replicate the findings and that they be given a clinical use.
"Because all that is required to take our finding and make use of it would be for paediatricians to simply measure the head circumference of newborns and babies during the first year of life and chart the growth," he said.
Parents could also measure their child's head and be on the look out for an "unusual, sudden, accelerated, explosive jump in size".
"That would be potentially predictive of autism," he said.
Dr Courchesne's study showed the brain of a one-year-old autistic child was the size of a typical two-year-old, while a two to four-year-old autistic child had the brain size of a normal 10 to 12-year-old.
He said his study looked at the medical records of 35 autistic children and the brain scans of 200 autistic people.
The next step was for scientists to investigate the cellular, molecular and genetic factors that created the abnormal brain growth.
"Then scientists will be on the right track to coming up with effective biological treatments or interventions that may in fact preclude and prevent this disorder altogether in in future generations."
About 1,500 autism experts from 32 countries are attending the four-day conference to share knowledge and discuss research findings.
Autism Council of Australia president Lawrie Bartak said the number of children diagnosed with autism had doubled from one in 1,000, to one in 500. Some regions, such as Geelong in Victoria, had recorded rates as high as one in 200.
Autism Victoria says the disorder is difficult to diagnose before a child is at least two years old.
An autistic child may not speak at all, or have limited use of speech, will probably not be able to play games or make friends, may be unusually sensitive to sound, taste, smell, touch and sight, and will display a range of unusual, often repetitive behaviours.
AAP
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