Gluten Allergy Mostly in Genes
This gluten allergy, known as celiac disease, is thought to be inherited to some extent, but the current study is the largest to date to look at identical and non-identical twins.
By comparing identical twins, who are genetically the same, to non-identical twins, who share only the same number of genes as most other siblings, researchers can help determine how much of an ailment is genetic and how much is due to a shared environment.
In the new study, the investigators found that environmental factors have little or no effect on the digestive disorder, which can cause diarrhea, weight loss, stomach bloating and damage to the small intestine.
This study provides substantial evidence for a very strong genetic component in celiac disease. They suggest that several genes work collectively to cause the disorder. A single missing or altered gene is probably not to blame.
The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 47 identical and non-identical twin pairs, where at least one twin had been diagnosed with celiac disease. Individuals were tested for antibodies that are specific to the disease.
According to the results, 38% of the twin pairs both had signs of celiac disease -- 75% of identical twins and 11% of non-identical twins.
In other findings, females who had an affected twin were 30% more likely than an unaffected male twin to go on to develop the disease themselves.
A shared environment did not affect the risk of developing the disease, the study found.
Although some genetic variations are known to increase the risk of the disease, much searching has not located a gene that exerts a major affect.
It is more likely that a series of genetic characteristics which individually exert little effect but which collectively characterize a large gluten intolerant tribe that is spread throughout the gluten-consuming world.
Gut April 2002;50:624-628
| DR. MERCOLA'S COMMENT: |
Celiac disease is a genetic disease that is a severe form of gluten intolerance that results in intestinal complications. Gluten is the major allergy protein in wheat, spelt, barley, rye and oats. A study has suggested that celiac disease is far more prevalent in the United States than previously believed.
Previous studies have shown that about 1 in 250 people in Europe had the condition, but it was thought to affect fewer individuals, about 1 in 5,000 in the United States. However, newer studies suggest that the prevalence of celiac disease may be as low as one in 33.
Although full blown celiac disease may be as high as one in 33, sub-clinical celiac disease is far more common, especially if one is of Irish or Scottish ancestry.
For most of us wheat is not our friend and we would be better off avoiding it and replacing it with vegetables.
Related Articles:
The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in At-Risk Groups of Children in the United States
Wheat Sensitivity (Subclinical Gluten Intolerance) Linked To Miscarriages