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BSE fears over polio
vaccinations
BSE in Vaccines
from JAMA - Journal of American Medical Association
Polio Information & Polio
Vaccine Dangers
SV40 (Monkey
Virus) Contamination of Polio Vaccine
eMail: randalln@cris.com - Randall Neustaedter, OMD
Dr. Bernard
Greenberg, a biostatistics expert, was chairman of the Committee on Evaluation
and Standards of the American Public Health Association during the 1950s. He
testified at a panel discussion that was used as evidence for the congressional
hearings on polio vaccine in 1962. During these hearings he elaborated on the
problems associated with polio statistics and disputed claims for the vaccine's
effectiveness. He attributed the dramatic decline in polio cases to a change in
reporting practices by physicians. Less cases were identified as polio after
the vaccination for very specific reasons.
Testimony...."Prior
to 1954 any physician who reported paralytic poliomyelitis was doing his
patient a service by way of subsidizing the cost of hospitalization and was
being community-minded in reporting a communicable disease. The criterion of
diagnosis at that time in most health departments followed the World Health
Organization definition: "Spinal paralytic poliomyelitis: signs and
symptoms of nonparalytic poliomyelitis with the addition of partial or complete
paralysis of one or more muscle groups, detected on two examinations at least
24 hours apart." Note that "two examinations at least 24 hours
apart" was all that was required. Laboratory confirmation and presence of
residual paralysis was not required. In 1955 the criteria were changed to
conform more closely to the definition used in the 1954 field trials: residual
paralysis was determined 10 to 20 days after onset of illness and again 50 to
70 days after onset.... This change in definition meant that in 1955 we started
reporting a new disease, namely, paralytic poliomyelitis with a longer-lasting
paralysis. Furthermore, diagnostic procedures have continued to be refined.
Coxsackie virus infections and aseptic meningitis have been distinguished from
paralytic poliomyelitis. Prior to 1954 large numbers of these cases undoubtedly
were mislabeled as paralytic poliomyelitis. Thus, simply by changes in
diagnostic criteria, the number of paralytic cases was predetermined to
decrease in 1955-1957, whether or not any vaccine was used.
From Intensive
Immunization Programs, Hearings before the Committee on Interstate &
Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session on H.R.
10541, Wash DC: Us Government Printing Office, 1962; p. 96-97
In the late
1940's and early 1950's the polio virus was taking a savage toll on the
American public. Thousands of children and adults were crippled or killed. In
1955, Jonas Salk discovered how to mass produce polio vaccine by growing it on
the kidneys of rhesus monkeys. By 1960 a problem had surfaced, a problem which
would come back to haunt the nation forty years later.
The complication
researchers had isolated in 1960 was a viral contaminate. It seems that when
the live polio virus grown on monkey tissues was extracted for vaccine
production another virus was extracted as well, SV-40. When this monkey virus
was injected into research animals it produced brain cancer. It appears our
government didn't wish to create a public panic or discredit the public health
service, because instead of recalling the tainted vaccines, it quietly ordered
the manufacturers to find a monkey free of SV-40 and continue production. As of
1963, the rhesus monkey had been replaced with the African green monkey for
production of a safer polio vaccine, but between the years of 1955 and 1963 as
many as 98 million Americans had received doses of live polio virus vaccines
tainted with SV-40..
Jumping to the
early 1990's, Michele Carbone, Assistant Professor of Pathology at Loyola
University in Chicago, isolated fragments of the SV-40 virus in human bone
cancers and in a particularly nasty form of lung cancer called mesotheliomas.
The viral contaminate from the 50s was back to haunt us, and appeared in 33% of
the osteosarcoma bone cancers studied, in 40% of other bone cancers, and in 60%
of the mesotheliomas lung cancers. Dr. Carbone believed this study could
explain why 50% of the current mesotheliomas being treated were no longer
occurring in association with their traditional cause of asbestos exposure..
Already sounding
like a bad science fiction story, the worse news was yet to follow. An Italian
team of researchers from the Institute of Histology and General Embryology of
the University of Ferrara lead by Dr. Fernanda Martini discovered SV-40's
presence in various other tumors. To be specific they found the monkey virus in
83% of choriod plexus papillomas, in 73% of ependymomas, in 47% of
astrocytomas, in 50% of glioblastomas, and in 14% of meningiomas. While the virus's
appearance in all of these types of brain tumors is mortifying, even more so is
the fact that it materialized in 23% of blood samples and 45% of sperm fluids
taken from normal individuals -- normal meaning free of disease at the time of
testing. The researchers determined the virus could be transmitted sexually and
through blood transfusions. As if to drive this point home, SV-40 has appeared
in 61% of all new cancer patients -- patients too young to have received the
contaminated vaccine being administered forty years ago who are now believed to
have been infected by human to human transmission. Being a blood born organism,
it is also suspected that SV-40 is transmissible from mother to child during
pregnancy..
The more this
matter is researched the more startling the evidence. Senior epidemiologist at
the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Howard Strickler, has plotted a
geographic pattern to the cancers associated with SV-40 helping to confirm its
link to the tainted vaccine. People who lived in Massachusetts and Illinois who
received identified lot numbers of the contaminated vaccine administered in the
1950s are now demonstrating ten times the rate of the osteosarcoma bone tumors
as those who received vaccine free of the SV-40 contaminate in other parts of
the country..
The FDA mandates
that every American infant and child receive polio vaccinations. While public
health officials continue to emphasize how current supplies of the vaccine are
safe, Peter Reeve, FDA Virologist, has acknowledged that the administration
abandoned independent testing of vaccine purity some fifteen years ago. The job
of ensuring safety and purity rests squarely on the shoulders of those
manufacturing the vaccines with no federal oversight. Wyeth-Lederle controls
the supply of all the oral polio vaccine in this country, and last year's sales
totaled some $230 million dollars. Surely there would be no conflict of
interest in allowing this corporation to be the sole agent of quality oversight
of their own pocketbook?.
The government
may not have paid attention to the quality of these vaccines, but they had
formulated a plan for their distribution. Federal vaccination policy advocated
the use of live-virus oral polio vaccine (OPV) based on the belief the live
virus shed in the body fluids of infants immunized with OPV could immunize
others through contact exposure. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) insisted
this was a safe practice, and emphasized that no one previously vaccinated
could contract the disease in this manner. The public was never informed of
this strategy, however, and no consent was ever obtained from the unknowing
participants in this vaccination scheme. One hundred and twenty people, many
previously vaccinated, contracted polio as a result of this practice. To add
insult to injury in 1994 the World Health Organization proclaimed polio was
eliminated from the Western Hemisphere. Insult because for the past seventeen
years the only cases of polio occurring in the US have been caused by the
vaccine itself, and injury because this victory will be paid for in blood from
the cancers produced by the monkey virus spread with the vaccine..
One might ask
just how such a thing could happen considering the injectable form of the
vaccine (IPV) does not use a live virus and doesn't transmit the disease it is
designed to shield us from? Well, Wyeth-Lederle's leading competitor Connaught
produces IVP which could explain why Wyeth lobbied so hard against the CDC
recommending increased use of IVP. In 1996 the CDC revised its recommendation
from four doses of OPV to two doses of IVP followed by two doses of OPV,
however, physicians have been instructed to give all four doses as OPV if they
desire. The cost of IVP vaccine is $5.40 per dose, whereas OPV costs $2.32 per
dose. With the difference in cost favoring the use of OPV, and the current
climate of regulating health care costs, clearer guidelines must come from the
government if they truly expect to increase the use of the safer IVP vaccine..
Well the story of
contaminated polio vaccine is not over yet. Microbiologist Howard Urnovitz,
Ph.D. provided significant evidence at the Eighth Annual Houston Conference on
AIDS that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a monkey hybrid virus
which was produced when 320,000 Africans were injected with polio virus
contaminated with live simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the late 1950's.
Apparently, viral fragments combine easily with other viruses to produce these
hybrids called "chimeras." This theory was confirmed by another research
team headed by Dr. B. F. Elswood at the University of California in San
Francisco. Interestingly enough, when researchers Cecil H. Fox and John Martin
applied to the National Institutes of Health for grants to confirm the presence
of SIV and simian cyto-megalovirus (SCMV) contaminates in polio vaccines their
requests were denied. Dr. Urnovitz may have an explanation as he stated in the
Boston Globe, "that almost 100 million.
Americans were
exposed (to SV-40) through a government sponsored program, but for over 30
years, there has been virtually no government effort to see if anyone's been
harmed by the exposure." He added, "The government will not fund
science that makes it look culpable." Could it be our government, once
again, is attempting to avoid a public panic while ignoring the great potential
for harm these viruses could inflict. Time will tell. Harvard Medical School
professor, Dr. Ronald Desroier points out that taking all known scientific
evidence into account that the medical experts' knowledge is limited to
"perhaps 2% of existing monkey viruses." Who knows what lethal virus
may be discovered in our blood streams forty years from now as a result of good
intentions.....
References
Berleur, M. P., & Cordier, S. (1995). The Role of Chemical, Physical, or
Viral Exposures and Health Factors in Neurocarcinogenesis: Implications for
Epidemiologic Studies of Brain Tumors. Cancer Causes and Control, 6(3),
240-256..
Bookchin, D.,
& Schumaker, J. (1997). Tainted Polio Vaccine Still Carries Its Threat 40
Years Later. The Boston Globe, January 26..
Carbone, M., et
al. (1996). SV-40 Like Sequences in Human Bone Tumors. Oncogene, 13(3),
527-535..
Elswood, B. F.,
& Stricker, R. B. (1995). Polio Vaccines and the Origin of AIDS. Medical
Hypotheses, 42(6), 347-354..
Fisher, B. L.
(1997). Workshop on Simian Virus 40: A Possible Human Polyomavirus. National
Vaccine Information Center, January 27, On-line at
http://www.909shot.com/polio197.htm>http://www.909shot.com/polio197.htm..
Krieg, P.,
Amtmann E, Jonas, D., Fischer, H., Zang, K., & Sauer G. (1981). Episomal
Simian Virus 40 Genomes in Human Brain Tumors. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 78(10), 6446-6450..
Lednicky, J. A.,
Garcea, R. L., Bergsagel, D. J., & Butel, J. S. (1995). Natural Simian
Virus 40 Strains are Present in Human choroid Plexus and Ependymoma tumors.
Virology, 212(2), 710-717..
Martini, F., et
al. (1995). Human Brain Tumors and Simian Virus 40. Journal of the National
Cancer Institute, 87(17), 1331..
Martini, F., et
al. (1996). SV-40 Early Region and Large T Antigen in Human Brain Tumors,
Peripheral Blood Cells, and Sperm Fluids From Healthy Individuals. Cancer
Research, 56(20), 4820-4825..
Pass, H. I.,
Kennedy, R. C., & Carbone, M. (1996). Evidence for and Implications of
SV-40 Like Sequences in Human Mesotheliomas. Important Advances in Oncology,
89-108..
Rock, A. (1996).
The Lethal Dangers of the Billion Dollar Vaccine Business. Money, December,
pages 148-163..
Tognon, M., et
al. (1996). Large T Antigen Coding Sequences of Two DNA Tumor Viruses, BK and
SV-40, and Nonrandom Chromosome Changes in Two Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancer
Genetics and Cytogenics, 90(1), 17-23.
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