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Meningitis/meningococcal disease definitions

Bacterial Meningitis

There are two main types of bacterial meningitis which cause most of the reported bacterial cases. They are meningococcal and pneumococcal. Haempohilus influenzae type b (Hib) which was recently a major cause of bacterial meningitis has now been almost eliminated by the vaccination of infants. The bacteria which cause both meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis are very common and live naturally in the back of the nose and throat, or the upper respiratory tract.

Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, but new vaccines being given to all children as part of their routine immunizations have reduced the occurrence of invasive disease due to H. influenzae. Today, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are the leading causes of bacterial meningitis.(CDC http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/meningitis_g.htm )

Pneumococcal meningitis

Meningococcal http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/meningococcal_g.htm

Group B streptococcus (GBS) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/groupbstrep_g.htm

Viral or Aseptic Meningitis

The commonest causes or viral meningitis are coxsackie and echovirsuses (known as enteroviruses). It can also develop as a result of infection with herpes simplex, measles, polio or chickenpox.

Viral (Aseptic) Meningitis (CDC definition)

Streptococcal meningitis

TB meningitis http://www.musa.org/tbm.htm

[Vaccination]  [Meningitis]

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