http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/anthrax.htm
Possible
Anthrax Vaccine Dangers Information
Any information obtained
here is not to be construed as medical or legal advice. The decision to
vaccinate and how you implement that decision is yours and yours alone.
See
below for articles
For
more detailed & recent information & assistance - contact Gretchen,
IMMEDIATELY at
anna_nim@ix.netcom.com or Meryl Nass, MD,
IMMEDIATELY, at
Anthrax
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are invited to join Anthrax-No, the discussion/support group for those
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October 3,
2000 Anthrax Vaccine Hearings in Congress
Congressman Metcalf's report
on Squalene Found in Anthrax Vaccine
Additive
Found In Anthrax Vaccine
Benefit
Versus Risk: You Decide! The Anthrax Vaccination Immunization Program
Anthrax
Vaccine Home Page - Meryl Nass, M.D.
This
website is designed as a source of accurate information on the human anthrax
vaccine, MDPH-PA or AVA, which is currently being given to 2.5 million
servicemembers and some civilian government employees in the US. I am a
practicing physician and expert on the vaccine, and by default have become an
activist on this issue. This page includes some of my writings on this subject,
including two Congressional testimonies, and a variety of other materials that
I hope will be useful for those persons making a decison about taking the
vaccine, or those doing scholarly research on the subject. Needless to say,
this is a taste of the thousands of documents I have reviewed. Please let me
know if there are any gaps in these materials, and I will try to add anything
that is missing.
Meryl Nass, MD,
ABIM, November 26, 1999
Anthrax Vaccine Website
& Links One of most up-to-date website's covering all the issues
related to Anthrax Vaccine
Squalene
& Rheumatoid Arthritis - Rat Study
February, 2000 Antibodies
to Squalene in Gulf War Syndrome
Asa PB, Cao Y, Garry RF - Path to Drs. Asa, Garry, Cao paper
Also
check out the other information on squaline published -- LINK and type in squalene
then the search button. Opens up to the page that contains study with Asa -
While there, please note other related articles including interesting finds on
squalene use as adjuvants, including squalene induced adjuvant arthritis, etc.,
etc.....
Be aware, this is
what has been denied for so long. This is proof that the unlicensed, unapproved
squalene adjuvant, was administered to GW Era Vets and to others. Stay
tuned.........this is far from over.
July, 1999 - Department
of Defense Anthrax Vaccination Moratorium Act Support this bill!
Major Sonnie Bates, USAF,
12 October 1999
Testimony
Before House of Representatives
May 1999 - Salon
Magazine, May 1999 Our troops are being vaccinated against anthrax, but are
the shots a dangerous waste of money?
March 1999 - GAO Report -
Presence of Squalene
Why
is this important information - here is info on squalene from Meryl Nass, MD
From: Meryl Nass
I wanted to make
a few comments on the following story. Squalene is one of several components
used to produce several different vaccine adjuvants. Adjuvants strongly boost
the effectiveness of vaccines in which they are used; without them, the vaccine
in question would provide poor immunity. With them, there is sufficient
non-specific stimulation of the immune system that a good immune response is
generated to the antigen. They are required more for "killed" than
attenuated live vaccines.
Adjuvants
containing squalene have been used routinely in animal experiments over the
past 10+ years with anthrax vaccine. They have also been used in several human
experimental trials of vaccines: for HIV, herpes genitalis, etc. These
adjuvants have been shown to cause severe autoimmune reactions in animals, and
despite several clinical trials, the vaccines which have contained them have
not been approved for routine human use. It is my belief that they have caused
severe autoimmune disease in some humans who were enrolled in experimental
trials, based on anecdotal reports.
The work of Pam
Asa and Bob Garry looked for autoantibodies to squalene in humans. They did not
look for evidence of other adjuvant components; and their work has not yet been
published or duplicated by another group. Thus, there is no proof yet which, if
any, experimental adjuvants may have been given to Gulf vets and/or other
servicemembers. But the circumstantial evidence is very troubling.
Servicemembers
who may have received such adjuvants had to have signed informed consent
documents for their administration to have been legal, since there existed no
waiver of informed consent for these products. If anyone thinks they may have
received these products and is aware of agreeing to take them, please contact
me.
Meryl Nass
Information
From 1997 & 1998
Veterans' Group Wages Net Campaign
Against Anthrax Vaccine
Pentagon - A Promise to Do Better
is Not Enough Washington Post, 1/12/98
Pentagon slammed for
testing Drugs on Troops By: Deborah Funk, 10-23-1997
Navy Times Published: 10-27-97
FDA Warns Michigan
Biologic Products Institute of Intention to Revoke Licenses, Wed, 10 Dec 1997
Producers of Anthrax & other Vaccines
Anthrax Vaccine
Production Continues Michigan Biologics Remains Open
Michigan Biologics
Shuts Down (Anthrax Plant)
GERM WARFARE AGAINST
AMERICA: PART IIc - FORCED INOCULATIONS OF U.S. TROOPS
Letter 1 to Secretary
of Defense regarding Anthrax Vaccine"
Letter 2 to Secretary
of Defense regarding Anthrax Vaccine"
Veterans' Group Wages Net Campaign
Against Anthrax Vaccine" by John Motavalli January 5, 1998
A
recent announcement by the department of defense that it would be starting
vaccinations "against the biological warfare agent anthrax" has
rekindled concerns among Gulf War veterans on the Net about how much the
government is doing to protect them from such weapons. The Gulf War Veterans
Association has started an e-mail campaign expressing concern over the efficacy
of such vaccines. Captain Joyce Riley (USAF Inactive Reserve), a registered
nurse and director of the Texas-based American Gulf War Veterans Association,
said that "Gulf War veterans are outraged knowing that these immunizations
have not been proven effective against the use of aerosolized anthrax."
Anthrax is a biological weapon that some fear Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein
might deploy. Riley's group claims that evidence supports the contention that
the immunizations aren't effective. Among the sources cited is Senate Report
103-97, page 15, December 8, 1994, which states: "Unfortunately, when
anthrax is used as a biological weapon, it is likely to be aerosolized and thus
inhaled. Therefore, the efficacy of the vaccine against biological warfare is
unknown." The veterans group also quotes Lt. General Ronald Blanck,
commanding officer of Walter Reed Army Medical Center, from the same report as
saying on page 35: "Anthrax vaccine should continue to be considered as a
potential cause for undiagnosed illnesses in Persian Gulf personnel..."
Riley also cites an August 6, 1997 (Vol 278 No 5 p 402) report by The Journal
of the American Medical Association, which addressed the vaccine: "There
are insufficient data regarding efficacy against inhalational anthrax in
humans..." According to Riley, "The credibility of the Department of
Defense, the Pentagon, and the Veterans Administration has recently been
attacked and a recommendation for an independent investigation into Gulf War
illness has been made." The Department of Defense insists that this
vaccine is not experimental or possibly ineffective or unsafe. The DOD
announced the anthrax vaccine policy December 15, stating that the vaccinations
would start next summer and adding, "After a three year study, Secretary
of Defense William S. Cohen concluded that the vaccination is the safest way to
protect highly mobile U.S. military forces against a potential threat that is
99 percent lethal to unprotected individuals. The anthrax vaccine will
initially be administered to approximately 100,000 military personnel assigned
or deployed to the high-threat areas of Southwest Asia and Northeast Asia.
Within the next several years it will be given to all active duty and reserve
personnel." The DOD news release said, "The anthrax vaccine is
FDA-licensed and exhibits fewer side effects than flu or typhoid vaccines. It
has been widely used in the United States since the early 1970s by livestock
workers and veterinarians." When asked about the Gulf War veterans
concerns, Defense Department spokesperson Jim Turner said, "Stuff coming
off the Internet is often suspect." He subsequently added, "But I am
not saying the veterans' concerns are suspect. I am not questioning the
veterans concerns. I respect that. It's idiotic to say they don't have concerns
-- their concerns are their concerns." He said the Food and Drug
Administration has approved the use of the vaccine for "about 20
years," and the worst thing that has happened to anyone taking it is a
little redness around the vaccination area, mild discomfort at the inoculation
site, or low-grade fever.
Back to Top
MYCOPLASMA FERMENTANS
(INCOGNITUS) AND AIDS, CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, AND GULF WAR SYNDROME - MORE
QUESTIONS REMAIN : by Julianne Hamden
INTERNATIONAL
GULF WAR ILLNESS COALITION, 68 Dearmin Terrance Ln #11 Franklin, NC 28734,
http://www.dnet.net/~pkawaja/
During the last
50 years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel have been involved in
human experimentation and other intentional exposures conducted by the
Department of Defense (DOD), often without a service member's knowledge or
consent.
The military has
released chemicals and biological agents through outdoor "open air"
tests for over four decades. Some of these supposedly safe chemicals and
biological agents, referred to as simulants, were also released over populated
areas and cities.
Anthrax vaccine
was given to approximately 150,000 military personnel in the Persian Gulf.
Anthrax vaccine is considered effective for protecting against anthrax exposure
of the skin; however it is unclear whether it provides protection against
inhaling aerosolized anthrax. According to the Department of Defense, in
biological warfare the anthrax would be sprayed, so the efficacy of the vaccine
against aerosolized anthrax would have been the relevant test. As stated
earlier in this report, the DOD has only one study indicating that the vaccine
might be useful against aerosolized anthrax, but there are no data on humans.
Excerpts from
"Is Military Research Hazardous to Veteran's Health? Lessons Spanning Half
A Century" Committee on Veterans Affairs United States Senate December 8,
1994
Incline Village
Nevada--CFS OUTBREAK
Drs. Cheney and
Peterson read and reread the Annals papers describing a syndrome of illnesses
that appeared to be associated with the ubiquitous herpesvirus, but they were
disturbed by the nascent theory being advanced by Jones and Straus that
Epstein-Barr virus might play a causative role. The Nevada clinicians found
another idea, which Stephen Straus had floated with featherweight emphasis, to
be far more credible; that Epstein-Barr virus reactivation might merely be an
epiphenomenon, or a hallmark, of the syndrome. What if something else, some
other virus-call it agent X-was undermining the immune systems of these
patients, allowing rampant Epstein-Barr virus replication and other subtle
biological disturbances?
HHV6
An August 15
letter in the Lancet from British scientists proposed in print for the first
time what a number of other thoughtful researchers were beginning to suspect:
"One wonders whether the isolation of this (virus) from immunosuppressed
patients could represent reactivation of a latent infection."
Lyndonville,
NY--CFS OUTBREAK--Drs. Karen & David Bell
Karen began a
mental inventory of milk-borne infections. Brucellosis, or undulant fever, was
at the top of her long list; in the absence of antibiotics, the disease can
persist for years. Brucellosis tests were uniformly negative, however. Two
other diseases they investigated were Q fever and yersinia, the latter
characterized by-as Karen Bell described it-"the runs." The Q fever
postulate was dashed when tests yielded uniformly negative results. The
Duncanson patriach, David, although symptomless, was positive for yersinia,
however. For the next month both doctors assumed the outbreak was yersinia. On
December 14, the three sickest children were hospitalized. The admitting
diagnosis was yersinia.
For two weeks
doctors infused the children with a powerful antibiotic, gentamicin; a second
antibiotic, doxycycline was to be swallowed. On day five all three children
began to respond. They were released on Christmas Eve, their ordeal seeming to
be over.
Incline Village,
Nevada--CFS OUTBREAK
It was unlikely,
of course that in a town of just under 6,000 a federal investigation of an
epidemic should go unnoticed. What was remarkable was how long the Centers for
Disease Control's presence on Alder Street had remained submerged. Gary Holmes
was instinctively wary of publicity and had identified himself in telephone
conversations with patients as an official from the Washoe County health
department. "I did not want to make it known that we were doing a CDC
investigation," he explained later.
Excerpts from
"Osler's Web" Inside the Labyrinth of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Epidemic" by Hillary Johnson, Crown Books, Copyright 1996
Mycoplasmas In
the Aids Spotlight
Luc Montagner now
thinks that these microbes may have a role in AIDS-bringing a measure of
delayed vindication to Shyh-Ching Lo a tenacious young virologist. For Lo, the
fact that a co-discoverer of HIV would mention mycoplasmas in the same breath
as the AIDS virus is in itself a sort of triumph.
He then marshaled
the strengths of gene amplification, electron microscopy, in situ
hybridization, and immuno-histochemistry to identify the putative gene in
tissues. And he found it-in the spleen, liver, brain, lymph nodes, and blood of
AIDS patients as well as in the sarcoma tissues.
Even more
dramatic was his discovery that the agent could cause death on its own. Lo
injected four silverleaf monkeys with the isolate; they all died within 9
months. And Lo found the agent in damaged tissues from six HIV negative
patients who had died from unspecified causes 1 to 7 weeks after presenting
symptoms suspiciously like those of AIDS.
Excerpts from
SCIENCE, Vol. 248, 11 May 1990
The French
scientist who isolated the original AIDS virus is hotly pursuing yet another
microscopic culprit An accountant's son who excelled in Greek and Latin in
college during the German occupation, Montagnier is no stranger to adversity.
He faced it again in 1990, when he supported a controversial theory that
Mycoplasma, a bacterium-like organism, is the trigger that turns a slow-growing
population of AIDS viruses into mass killers. According to Montagnier, the
explosion of sexual activity in the U.S. during the 1970's, fostered the spread
of a hardy drug-resistant strain of Mycoplasma. HIV meanwhile, lay dormant in
Africa. The AIDS epidemic began, Montagnier speculates, when the two microbes
got together, perhaps in Haiti.
Excerpts from
Time Magazine, August 3,1992
Lo and associates
demonstrated M. fermentans infection in the tissues of 70% of AIDS patients
with clinical manifestations of functional organ deficits. No other
microorganisms were present in these lesions of these AIDS patients. M.
fermentans occurred in tissues with only mild histopathological changes and in
areas with degenerating cells with patchy necrosis. Tetracycline and related
compounds (e.g. minocycline and doxycycline) are among the few antibiotics that
are effective against virtually all species of mollicutes. These compounds are
effective against M. fermentans.
Excerpt from
Uniformed Services of The Health Sciences, (USUHS) Dept. of Pathology, Syllabus
VI, 1993-1994 edition ( Military Medical College)
HIV and
Mycoplasma
Dr. John
Beldekas-whose research demonstrated that "AIDS" patients have
antibodies to African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), the virus Beldekas believes
causes the deterioration of the immune system seen in "AIDS" was
interviewed by the Native in August 1991.
During the
interview he remarked that a few years earlier, he'd noticed that treating HIV
infected cell cultures with antibiotics stopped the cell killing effect. When
Beldekas remarked upon that fact he remembered his colleagues laughed at him:
When I worked for the State of Massachusetts in the virus labs, and I used a
drug to kill the Mycoplasma in cultures, the HIV died.
And people used
to laugh at me: "Oh you cured HIV with gentamycin", which kills
Mycoplasma. And the gentamycin always used to kill HIV in my H9 cells. And
people used to laugh at me. And I would say, "But wait a minute, maybe
there's something to this Mycoplasma." And people would say "Oh John,
for God's sake."
Excerpts from The
New York Native, Neenyah Ostrom, October 11,1993
Gulf War
Syndrome--Dr. Garth and Dr. Nancy Nicolson--and Mycoplasmas To demonstrate that
microorganisms such as mycoplasmas are associated with GWS we initiated two
lines of investigation. First we examined the blood of GWS patients for the
presence of mycoplasmas by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Although we could not detect Mycoplasma infections in whole blood, we could
detect specific Mycoplasma DNA sequences in the blood leukocyte fraction of
symptomatic patients, but ONLY if we adapted PCR techniques to our DNA
preparation. This approach required the use of Celex to safely extract the
samples. Using forensic PCR techniques and Southern hybridization confirmation
of the PCR products we could easily detect the presence of Mycoplasma-specific
DNA in the leukocytes of symptomatic GWS patients.
Excerpt from
Mycoplasma Infections in Gulf War Illnesses, Presented to the Presidents Panel
on Gulf War Syndrome, Washington DC August 14-16, 1995
Drs. Nicolson's
Findings
They concluded
that many Desert Storm veterans with GWS, particularly a subset with family
members that are presenting with similar symptoms, are infected with invasive
microorganisms, such as mycoplasmas and possibly other infectious agents as
well. Since the mycoplasmas detected appeared to contain unusual gene sequences
(such as the HIV-1 envelope gene), the Nicolsons concluded that the mycoplasmas
were probably modified and may have been used as biological weapons during
Desert Storm.
Excerpt from
"Progress on Persian Gulf War Illnesses", Journal of Occupational
Medicine and Toxicology, 1995
Dr. Garth
Nicolson presented his findings to the Department of Veterans Affairs on 4 August,
1995, present were top researchers and scientists from DOD, HHS, etc. During
the question and answer period Dr. Shyh-Ching Lo stated that he had been unable
to detect the mycoplasmas in the Gulf Veterans and he had used Classic PCR
technology and had checked the red blood cells. Dr. Garth Nicolson responded
that by the time the Mycoplasma was detected in the red blood cells, the
patient was nearly dead and that adapted Forensic PCR and Gene Tracking should
be used to check the leukocytes or white blood cells in order to detect the
Mycoplasma.
Interview with
Army Captain Charles E. Hamden present at the meeting.
Dr. Stephen C.
Joseph :
In a letter to
Delaware Senator William V. Roth, dated August 28, 1995, Dr. Stephen C. Joseph,
Assistant Secretary of Defense, presented his Information Paper: Mycoplasma
Incognitus and Persian Gulf Veterans which stated that ONLY Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis have clearly shown
to cause disease in man. This information paper was presented to members of the
Senate Armed Services Committee and other members of Congress.
AIDS VACCINE
TRIALS--Dr. Anthony Fauci
A blitz of
newspaper stories publicizing a government blueprint for a collaboration with
the pharmaceutical industry that would result in the rapid development of an
"AIDS vaccine" on February 13 was followed the next day by a report
calling an HIV vaccine now in clinical trials a "flop." In fact Fauci
is determined to forge ahead with clinical trials of "AIDS vaccines"
using the same part of the HIV-gp120- as was used in the vaccines already known
to have failed. Since Fauci knows that the vaccine he hopes to rush into
clinical trials use the same portion of HIV to "vaccinate" as the
vaccines that didn't work, how can he possibly proceed with the proposed
trials?
And if some of
the experimental vaccines under consideration do turn out to be more than
"flops", how big a disaster could actually result?
Excerpts from The
New York Native, Neenyah Ostrom, February 26,1996
Some questions
for study :
Were CFS
outbreaks associated with any covert biological testing, (spraying) perhaps of
anthrax or maybe a substance thought to be a harmless simulant?
Some Gulf
Veterans were told that their "Anthrax" vaccines contained Recombinant
DNA is this the approved FDA vaccine?
How is it that a
Veteran given a vaccine in 1974, tests positive for both the Mycoplasma
fermentans (incognitus) and anthrax?
What were the
results of the Mycoplasmas vaccine program conducted at the University of
Maryland?
Could the
Mycoplasma be activating HIV and other viruses such as Epstein-Barr, HHV6,
etc.?
Was the Yersinia
culture in the Lyndonville outbreak gained from a stool culture? Were the
children's stools cultured? Why were gentamycin IV and doxycycline (oral)
selected as the treatment? Has this protocol been used to treat other CFS
patients?
What would have
been the effect on CFS had the children not survived the outbreak?
Why was the CDC
undercover in Incline, Nevada?
Why is Mycoplasma
Incognitus listed under Sexually Transmitted Diseases, in the USUHS medical
book?
Since vaccine
trials on Mycoplasma were conducted prior to Shyh-Ching Lo's pronouncement that
they could cause death on their own, were they thought to be safe before that?
How does the
Mycoplasma containing 40% of the HIV envelope fit together with the whole HIV
virus?
Since Shyh-Ching
Lo was looking in the red blood cells using Classic PCR instead of the
leukocytes (white blood cells) using adapted Forensic PCR and Gene Tracking
could his findings of 70% infections in AIDS patients be low?
How is it
possible that Dr. Stephen C. Joseph, is not aware that Mycoplasma fermentans
(incognitus) causes disease in man?
Why was the HIV
gp120 used unsuccessfully by Dr. Fauci over 20 times in AIDS vaccine trials and
who received these unsuccessful vaccines? He claimed that people showed some
immunity unless they engaged in risk behaviors, wouldn't a condom have been at
least as effective?
Send your e-mail
questions or suggestions to Peter Kawaja: pkawaja@dnet.net -or-FAX / Voice Call
to > (704) 349-4285.
Back to Top
A Promise to Do Better Is Not
Enough
By Patrick B. Pexton
Monday, January 12, 1998; Page
A17
URL: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPlate/1998-01/12/009l-011298-idx.html
From the Washington Post, Monday,
January 12, 1998; Page A17
In a recent letter to the Food
and Drug Administration, the Pentagon asked for broad authority to distribute
to U.S. civilians -- during or after a domestic terrorism incident -- some of
the same experimental drugs and vaccines used on troops to unknown effect in
the gulf war. In most cases these are drugs, or uses of drugs and vaccines,
that have never been tested in a clinical trial for effectiveness or side
effects and that are not at present for sale commercially.
The
Pentagon is seeking not only broad authority to give out these drugs during
terrorist emergencies but also to waive FDA rules meant to ensure the safest
use of experimental drugs: requirements such as keeping track of who gets what
drugs, proper labeling, monitoring of side effects and fully informing patients
of possible complications before they give their consent.
The
FDA is concerned, because as it and the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf
War Illnesses recently documented, the Pentagon has a terrible record in using
such drugs and vaccines both in Desert Storm and more recently in Bosnia.
Just
before Desert Storm, the FDA allowed the Pentagon to give troops several
experimental drugs and vaccines not approved for commercial sale. Among them
were pyridostigmine bromide (PB), a drug believed to be effective in fending
off the effects of chemical and nerve agents; botulinum vaccine and antitoxin
medicine to combat biological weapons other than anthrax; and anthrax
post-exposure treatments. The FDA also allowed the Pentagon to waive informed
consent, in some cases making it mandatory that the troops take the pills or
vaccines without full knowledge of possible risks.
Early
research suggests that the interaction of PB with wartime stress, pesticides
and other hazardous materials present in Desert Storm may be a trigger for
"gulf war illness." PB may have been taken by as many as 500,000 troops
and botulinum vaccine by about 8,000, although some information still is
classified.
After
the war, the FDA, in reviewing the Pentagon's compliance with the minimal
wartime conditions the agency had laid down, found that "deviations"
from the rules "pointed out an underlying inability for the Defense
Department to carry out its obligations" under the rules for handling
experimental substances. For example, only about half of the troops surveyed by
the Pentagon received required information about PB; no records were kept of
troops who had adverse reactions to the PB pills; and no notation in permanent
medical records was made of those who took botulinum vaccine, making it
impossible to study its long-term effects.
The
Pentagon, chastised, promised the FDA it would do better next time. Bosnia was
that next time.
In
Bosnia, the Army was authorized to dispense an experimental vaccine for
tick-borne encephalitis, a disease common in the Balkans. In its recent review
of that program, the FDA criticized the Pentagon for failing again to document
immunizations in soldiers' permanent medical records and for touting the
vaccine in handouts given to troops as "very safe and extremely
effective" when the FDA never authorized such glowing language. The FDA at
last is considering rescinding its permission for the Pentagon to use some
experimental drugs on troops in wartime without their consent.
The
President's Committee on Gulf War Illnesses was even more critical of the
Pentagon's performance with unapproved drugs in the gulf war and Bosnia, saying
the Pentagon "currently is incapable" of handling such drugs, and
that its poor performance has hampered research into the causes of gulf war
illness.
Against
this background, the head of defense health affairs boldly is requesting from
the FDA more authority to use some of these same substances not only on troops
but on civilians in case of domestic terrorism involving chemical and
biological weapons, with the same protocol waivers that the FDA already has
noted the Pentagon is incapable of honoring.
The
Department of Defense, understandably and correctly, wants as much flexibility
as it can have during times of national emergency to protect troops and
civilians at home from these weapons of mass murder.
But
if Americans are in imminent danger of dying by the thousands from biological
and chemical weapons at home, then the Pentagon and the White House should do a
better job leveling with the people and Congress about the precise nature of
the threat and how imminent it may be, and then begin a debate on how far the
Pentagon should go in injecting itself into civilian emergency care.
The
writer is a managing editor at Army Times Publishing Co.
©
Copyright 1998 The Washington Post Company
Visitors
since October 15, 2000
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ALL
INFORMATION, DATA, AND MATERIAL CONTAINED, PRESENTED, OR PROVIDED HERE IS FOR
GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REFLECTING THE
KNOWLEDGE OR OPINIONS OF THE PUBLISHER, AND IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED OR INTENDED
AS PROVIDING MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE DECISION WHETHER OR NOT TO
VACCINATE IS AN IMPORTANT AND COMPLEX ISSUE AND SHOULD BE MADE BY YOU, AND YOU
ALONE, IN CONSULTATION WITH YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER.