Well over 14 common diseases involving perhaps
90,000 deaths a year could be conservatively linked to the results of
industrial air pollution in the UK, at a cost of some £16 billion annually,
representing 35% of the total NHS budget, plus social security and social
costs. A recent French hospital survey found 40% attendances linked to
industrial pollution. In Wales, waiting lists to see a hospital consultant
rose 800% in the 4 years to October 2001. Regarding cigarettes, the tax
collected exceeds the estimated medical damage, similarly fuel tax is greater
than health damage from vehicle pollution, but the NHS is subsidising
industrial air polluters. The rationale began as "deaths for jobs", but became
"deaths and misery" for excess maximised profits, sometimes linked to
"conflict-of-interest payments".
Section EA95 7 (1) c iii of the Environment Act
1995 instructs ministers to help the Environment Agency carry out its function
in poor areas, which an EA chief explained meant siting the lethal processes
in disadvantaged areas to create in effect "killing fields", with the DOH then
alleging "deprivation" and "life-style" for the resultant illnesses and
premature deaths, contrary to published research in USA and UK. The DETR in
IPPC2000 diluted the standards for industrial emissions to air, while the DOH
refuses to undertake epidemiology by postcode to identify source(s) and
culprits. Government "spin doctors" refuse to publish anything not in line
with government policy, and also mislead the public and doctors with
unsubstantiated allegations concerning house dust mites, imported PM 10s &/or
SO2, promoting theories including inadequate dirt exposure when young (while
injecting multiple vaccines at very early ages), etc. Victims of
chemical/radiological poisoning are referred to the psychiatrist because the
National Poisons Unit has stated "pollution does not exist". Concurrent
evidence of raised incidence of cancers (and other conditions including birth
defects) in polluted zones has been removed by deleting and with-holding names
from the cancer register, and by fraudulently calling half the affected wards
"exposed" while the others are labelled "control" to allege "no difference",
and by altering dates and zones to dilute key data. Essential data such as
terminations done for defects, is omitted in published reports rendering
conclusions invalid or plain fraudulent. Vital anonymised health statistics
are also deliberately hidden from the public by health authorities, in
defiance of article 8 of the Human Rights Act and Appeal Court ruling of
December 1999. Some members of regulatory committees and organisations such as
the National Poisons Unit, National Asthma Campaign and others, have had
financial involvement with pharmaceutical companies whose profits are affected
by their decisions, while Friends of the Earth was established by an oil
company (now BP-Amoco). The Environment Agency is reluctant to enforce the
1990 Environment Protection Act or prosecute large companies due to conflicts
of interest: eg 70% of its income derives from the polluters, plus "payments".
The EA in Wales continues to work to 1989 "black smoke" pollution limits
instead of 1999 laws. Due to a prior deal with the power company by "new
labour" and E.C. lobbying, Aberthaw power station was exempted in July 2001
from a new EC abatement directive, ignoring resultant deaths and illnesses in
Wales.
There is a total paucity of anybody properly
trained in toxicology in councils, EA, Health Authority Public Health
Departments, consultants and GPs. Yet public health doctors have requested
unqualified developers or environment agency officers &/or local authorities
to assist them to write reports using fake figures based on fraud and abysmal
ignorance, including government "spin doctor" reports in determining crucial
proposals and situations. One doctor in 1997 told the environment agency to
reopen a hazardous waste site knowing it would mean killing over 200 per year.
The USA War Department published on 30 October 1943 details concerning the
lethal actions of inhaled PM1s, yet the UK DOH, DETR and many consultants are
still determined to ignore them, compared with the USEPA, which has
established generous limits in 1997 for PM2.5s of 15ug/M3, while WHO stated in
October 1994 that there was no safe lower limit. The USA Supreme Court stated
in 2001 that public health must come first in all government decisions, which
must be compared with the UK, where profits are maximised regardless of
illnesses & deaths. The largest polluters such as specific oil refineries,
power stations, hazardous waste burning cement works and old intercity trains
are authorised to do virtually whatever they like, even when emissions exceed
the law.
PM2.5 are manmade particles smaller than 2.5
microns, which have increased enormously due to the switch from coal to waste
oil mixes (SLF) as fuel in the UK in incinerators, factories, cement works and
even JCBs and other equipment, especially since 1992. A switch to residual
oils increases the weight of nickel emissions by some 55 times, but the
particle numbers increase by some 55000 times. Cement works burning a mix of
SLF, coal and petcoke, even with scubbers, would emit some 34880 times the
carcinogenic heavy metal particles at say PM0.5 size compared with coal at
PM5. Only those smaller than PM3 enter the lungs. Scrubbers only remove
effectively particulates larger than PM3, so are only useful in reducing
acidic SO2 emissions, which limits secondary particle formation in the air
after exit. Emission data published by Powergen revealed an increase in
respirable particle numbers from burning "Orimulsion" compared with coal at
another power station with similar abatement, calculated at 197000 times
higher. These emitted particles, smaller than PM2, usually comprise acidic pH2
carbon, with adsorbed heavy metals and VOCs, which all enter the lungs, with
vanadium affecting bronchioles, and nickel the alveoli, and initiate a 7 day
inflammation (maximum on day 4), which results in increased infant mortality,
asthma in 2 to 12 year olds with their small bronchi and relatively higher air
intake; depression, lassitude and cardiovascular problems in those aged from
13 to 45, and respiratory and cardiovascular problems in the over 46s.
Allergens are dealt with by mast cells in the lung. In contrast, inhaled PM2.5
particles are dealt with by macrophages. Knock-on effects can even affect the
lungs following inflammatory particulate/allergen reaction initiated in the
nasal lining. In the UK genetic research has suggested up to 20% of asthmatic
children are potentially linked to allergic responses with genetic
involvement, while the remaining 80% plus would be victims of particulate
foreign body reactions. In USA due to lower and falling particulate levels,
the proportions were 40%/60%. Pollen allergens have increased in amount due to
the switch to male plants, with the PM15 pollen split open by acidic
particulates or thunderstorms, so that allergenic PM1.5 starches can be
carried into the lungs as well as the nose, stuck to particulates. Tyre latex
PM1.5 bits abraded from road wear are also carried into lungs stuck to acidic
PM2.5s. Nickel, platinum (in car catalysts) and cobalt are also potent
allergens, stimulating IgE. The immune, as well as nervous system, has been
affected by OP pesticide formulations, resulting in enhancement of increased
aero-allergens effects. Finally pertussis vaccine has been demonstrated to
increase immunoglobulins E & G and incidence of atopy, perhaps aggravated by
mercury exposure from thiomersal containing vaccines and UK waste burning
chimney/crematoria emissions.
Soluble heavy metals migrate through the blood
stream, with resultant DNA mutations producing cancer risk in the patient or
unborn child (if patient is pregnant). The particles with adsorbed
contaminants, are mopped up by macrophages and transferred to the lung lymph
nodes during the following 6 weeks. An inflammatory response is initiated by
the macrophages, including release of cytokines and increased blood
coaguability within 2 hours, followed by leukocytes and T-cell lymphocytes
within 6 hours. If the inhaled load of particles is too great for macrophages
to cope with, or if the inhaled particles are insoluble such as insoluble
uranium oxides or beryllium, or wrong shape such as asbestos or quartz, the
lung inflammation produces fibrosis. Recent published data from Californian
children confirmed a significant permanent reduction in peak flow from this
fibrosis even at age 10 years, entirely resulting from inhalation of exterior
PM2.5 particulates from transport and industry, not household items, as often
alleged. A county athlete in Pembrokeshire had her peak flow reduced from
around 525 to 330 by PM2.5 emissions from oil refineries and power station
(burning residual fuel oil without abatement). When plumes grounded at her
school or home, peak flow fell further, necessitating oxygen tent and
intensive therapy. She was proven via extensive testing to have no known
allergies.
Exposure to PM2.5s leads to a reduction in
lifespan of some 1.5 years for every 10ug/M3, which explains the 5 to over 12
year average differential in longevity between upper social classes in places
like Arundel, compared with polluted lower class areas, which have become
killing fields. However in unpolluted places in southern Italy and Tonga,
lifespan averages 90 fit years irrespective of class. On 17 October 2000, the
US Clean Air Task Force published an analysis of effects on mortality and
health damage by US power stations, limited just to respiratory and cardiac
systems, which revealed 30000 premature deaths, plus asthma, respiratory and
cardiac problems, from those PM2.5 particles. Analysis has confirmed that the
deaths are not simply expediting those who were about to die anyway, but new
victims were being harmed. Ambient PM2.5s recorded in Derbyshire in 1999/2000
were consistent with at least 3 years reduction in lifespan, while analysis of
content of the particles identified the major sources as open-casting of coal,
demolition at a brown-field site and chimney emissions. Earlier Derbyshire
data had revealed an average 325% rise in all deaths, 334% rise in heart
attack deaths, 289% rise in all cancer deaths with 550% rise in breast cancer
deaths in 7 polluted wards compared with a less polluted ward (that had an
incidence of 5% children taking asthma inhalers to school with prevailing
winds over the national park). Admissions to the hospital at Chesterfield
resulted in deaths 42% above the national average, with all the increase
arising from victims from heavily polluted villages. In Merthyr Tydfil 25% of
the workforce is drawing sickness benefits. Attic dust analysis may be
undertaken to confirm human exposure to unusual pollutants, noting that most
exterior PM2.5s enter houses and adhere to surfaces. Hair analysis can reveal
heavy metal prolonged exposure. At Bacton in 2000/1 PM2.5 levels were up to 8
times PM10 levels, with analysis revealing excesses of cobalt and mercury in
the ambient air from the gas plants. Hair analysis confirmed these 2 metals
while analysis of household ducted air filters also revealed cobalt. Numbers
of exposed victims developed rashes from the cobalt exposure, confirmed by
consultant skin testing. The reanalysis of previous studies of 550000 people
regarding pulmonary and cardiac damage published by the Health Effects
Institute in May 2000, confirmed PM2.5 particles as the prime causative
mechanism, not deprivation, lifestyle or social factors. USEPA prosecution of
oil & power companies followed to enforce reduction of PM2.5s.
The UK is still ignoring published research,
preferring manipulated PM10 printouts massaged downwards by using recalibrated
equipment and computer adjustments (instead of accurate factory-set PM2.5
beta-monitors). This scam was admitted by a DETR official in mid 1998. UK
monitors have been stated as only measuring PM10 to PM4 inclusive, which do
not enter the lungs. PM2.5s stay in the air for up to a week and result in
maximum adverse health effects at some 0.5 miles from road vehicles; 3 miles
from earthmoving equipment in open-casting and waste sites; and about 7 miles
per 100 feet of chimney height. Hence from 700 feet chimneys, full effect is
seen up to 49 miles downwind (plus another 100 miles at lower concentration,
and a further 100 miles at still lower concentration). The maximum grounding
of a 700 feet chimney would be at some 17 miles, where as anticipated, 38% of
4 & 5 year olds had been diagnosed as chronic asthmatics at Whitland school in
the plume grounding zone from Pembroke oil complex, with similar findings
elsewhere, (dependant on weather and terrain). Similarly, increased heart
attacks in at least young women were reported in a corridor from Merseyside to
Hull; excess cancer and heart attack deaths in a corridor from eastern Ulster
through central Scotland in the plume-grounding zone of BP Grangemouth and 2
Ulster power stations. The highest standardised death rates in the UK in 1990
were hence around Glasgow but following conversion of their waste sires to
hazardous content in 1993 and 1995, the highest 2 death rates became within 3
miles of the Merthyr Tydfil and Rhondda waste sites with high prevalence also
of heart attacks. Hospital admissions for cancers downwind of the oil complex
in Pembrokeshire, and Mid-Glam were reported as being 20 times higher in high
asthma incidence postcodes, compared with less polluted low asthma incidence
postcodes. In consequence, downwind of Pembrokeshire's oil complex is found
the industrial world's highest breast cancer incidence, with a revelation in
June 2001 that 80% of all deaths being registered in Pembroke area were due to
cancer. All this carnage results from the virtually unregulated minimally-
abated emissions. One monitor was turned off during maximum pollution episodes
in 2001 blaming "foot and mouth" when the nearest cases were 100 miles
downwind. The good news is that Salford's standardised mortality improved
following closure of Ince power station. At a public inquiry in Flintshire the
environment agency's agents ENTEC alleged all emissions would cease at 500m
from a high chimney, the health authority doctor alleged 5000m, and EPAQS
comments alleged 500km. The real truth of extent of downwind spread was nearer
180km with highest zone of 36km. Similarly in Swansea October 2001, emissions
from a proposed incinerator were falsely claimed to only move 200 metres then
presumedly, vanish. Daily deaths from high particulate episodes in USA were
discovered to be greater prior to attending hospital due to outside exposure
and were only related to fine particulate levels irrespective of weather or
socio-economic circumstances. The` EC Okopol report in 1999 agreed with USEPA
in stating that for every $1 spent on the pollution abatement (not CO2), there
would be expected to follow a $6 saving on health cost subsequently, plus
social and misery cost savings. A new 3mm thickness membrane electrostatic
precipitator system developed in Ohio, traps small particles in coal-fired
plant efficiently at greatly reduced cost and weight, cost-effective for
electricity generation.
Emissions ground as a plume affecting rural and
urban areas of most of the UK. A special NASA satellite is currently mapping
gross CO movements as an indicator of associated other pollutants. Not only
are PM2.5 particulates emitted, but in addition, secondary particles form in
the air by complex reactions, beginning at PM0.02 in size then coalescing to
PM1. Those who inhale the particles and assorted gasses are then put at risk
of toxic effects, the morbidity depending on their genes, nutrition status,
integrity of the immune system and their state of mind and presence/absence of
godly faith (both of which influence outcomes sometimes, via hormone systems).
Deficiency of excess antioxidant vitamins C and E leaves oxidising pollutant
free radicals (including those arising from paracetamol breakdown) able to
cause cell damage, especially if the cell wall quality has been deteriorated
by dietary transfatty hydrogenated fats instead of omega-3 oils. Incidence of
Alzheimer's Disease has been discovered substantially lower in those ingesting
extra vitamins C&E. These paracetamol breakdown radicals also increase the
burden from PM2.5 inhalation in asthmatics who take paracetamol for other
conditions. Depression and stress both put strain on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal
axis, opening up the blood-brain barrier and affecting calcium homeostasis,
hence brain cell health. Brain cells can also be compromised by OP pesticide
attachment or viruses. Brain cells may die as in some Gulf War victims or may
produce amyloid deposition typical of Alzheimers dementia. Deficiency of
selenium depletes six vital enzymes required in the body's immune and
toxicology systems, resulting in cancer becoming more likely, from inhaled or
ingested carcinogens. Selenium supplementation in one trial reduced incidence
of the main 4 cancers by some 56%. Folic acid and vitamins B6 & B12 deficiency
result in excess homocysteine, linked to premature vascular disease. A less
varied and poorer quality non-organic diet of deprived victims explains why
they are more seriously affected when exposed to relevant pollution. German
research has been indicating that those on an organic diet have 20% lower NHS
costs due to higher essential mineral content, plus freedom from pesticides
and contaminants. The UK diet is deficient in selenium. Half of UK teenage
girls are deficient in zinc. Essential minerals in UK vegetables have reduced
by 75% during recent years, due to acid rain and OP pesticides affecting soil
chemistry. The USA adds folic acid to flour, and Finland adds selenium to the
soil. Cell wall quality appears protective with olive oil as dietary fat,
along with adequate essential omega fatty acids.
To clarify the results of the industrial air
pollution on disease patterns, I now list some of the effects.
ASTHMA. About 0.3% of
children a generation ago suffered from allergic reactions acting via mast
cells to moulds, pollen starches, and other inspired allergens, and certain
foods or short peptide chains absorbed from a leaking bowel wall. This
allergic proportion has risen in the UK to some 3% by last year probably due
to OP pesticide/herbicide intake exacerbated by allergenic items such as
nickel, cobalt and platinum, interfering with the immune system. BBC TV
Watchdog showed the rise in asthma and other illnesses from crop spraying in
USA. A study in Mississippi revealed an incidence of diagnosed asthma in
African American children of average 6.0% in a zone of heavy pesticide
agricultural use, compared with 3.3% in a zone of lighter pesticide use. OP
pesticide use and excess ozone in sunny cities could explain the asthma rise
in Australasia. Exposure to irritant scorching items such as ozone at levels
over 80ug/M3, or SO2 in smogs or chlorine based cleaning materials also
cause intense bronchial inflammation, as can viral bronchiolitis. In
addition we now have the effects of PM 2.5 particles from vastly increased
vehicle traffic emissions (affecting some 9% of primary schoolchildren near
busy roads). These comprise contaminated carbon from inadequate quality
fuels, platinum from catalysts and tyre particulates. In addition we inhale
cocktails of industrial emissions of heavy metals especially nickel,
vanadium, cadmium, lead and mercury with acidic carbon (affecting up to 35%
of primary schoolchildren with asthma). PM2.5s are also produced by
open-casting quartz and coal (causing asthma in up to 30% of primary
schoolchildren). Coal particles have been found down to PM1. Hospital
admissions per 1000 population hence have been as high as 17 in rural
Pembrokeshire in the Texaco/defunct power station plume grounding area, 11
in Eastern Sheffield some 1.5 miles from the Orgreave opencast site, 3 in
Sheffield city centre, and 1 in Worcestershire. Ozone effects last 24 to 48
hours, exacerbating particulate inflammation (which lasts acutely for 6
days). Hence it takes 6 days away from the polluted zone to recover. At a
school in Derbyshire, PM 2.5 levels were as high as 137ug/M3 in 1999, rising
to 156 ug/M3 in 2000. When analysed, cadmium levels were equivalent to
smoking 300 cigarettes daily. This analysis often pinpoints the source(s).
In USA since October 2000, prosecutions and rulings have defined ways
forward by more effective industrial chimney abatement and opportunities for
safer systems like plasma gasification, installation of particle traps on
heavy vehicles, use of bio-diesel in buses (20% soya or other oil with 80%
low sulphur diesel), low-sulphur cleaner fuel for cars, some with ethanol.
Pollens & sea salt are larger than PM 4 as
are the average particulates from coal burning. Coal burning plants require
scrubbers (FGD) plus Ohio electrostatic membranes, while waste oil burning
cement works, power stations & other industry require Ohio electrostatic
membranes, scrubbers with activated charcoal in the stream, bag filters and
after-burners. The Canadian Health Dept. requested my help with an
orimulsion-fired power station that had caused an increase in asthma
incidence from 0.5% to 22%, acted on my advice, and altered abatement
equipment. Waste oil with solvents and other mixes of hazardous waste called
SLF, where burnt all over the UK, produce particulates less than PM 1 in
size, all entering the lungs with some 70% being retained in the lung. The
effective solution to reduce dangerous emissions from burning waste is a
high tech gasification plant. The UK has NONE while Italy has built three in
recent years. Sampling of metals in Birmingham near the M6 motorway revealed
ambient levels of nickel unconnected with the motorway exceeding HSE limits.
Those allergic to nickel respond immediately. Hence the UK's asthma epidemic
is limited to areas with high PM 2.5 particulate pollution, with unpolluted
areas having childhood asthma incidence as low as 1%. With denial of the
true causes by vested interests allowing virtually no regulatory mitigation,
it is hardly surprising that the UK has developed the industrial world's
highest incidence of asthma and other diseases. Current policy for erection
of incinerators to handle mixed waste will cause yet further rises in
ambient PM2.5 particulates, dioxins and VOCs as they represent the unsafe
alternative. Far better to sort waste with a recycling of relevant
categories, compost organic household waste in a semi-sealed system to
collect methane, treat the burnable matter in a gasification system with the
gases being burned with the methane in a gas-turbine to produce electricity.
This is being done in an economic low-tech manner in Wollongong, Australia.
Any hazardous waste is best dealt with by higher-tech gasification with the
most dangerous waste dealt with very safely by plasma-gasification as in
Ottawa, Canada. The ash from gasification is only 10% of the input and is
vitrified so will not leach. Ash from UK incinerators fired with SLF
(hazardous waste mixes), exceeds 28% of the input and hazardous, NOT safe
for reuse, fit only for special landfills. Hazardous kiln dust from cement
works using toxic waste as fuel, has since 1995 been stupidly used in cattle
feed and in fertiliser to contaminate the food chain.
HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES.
The lung inflammation from inhaling particulates or irritants results in
enhanced clotting, increasing the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes.
Any increase in PM2.5 particles halves the time needed for an ischaemic
heart attack. Measurements on Boston volunteers exposed to 3-hour increase
of only 14.3ug/m3 of PM2.5s, proved vagal tone decreased resulting in
reduced heart rate variability, which is a predictor of increased risk of
cardiovascular mortality or morbidity (p=0.006). These levels are below the
monthly averages of 19 ug/m3 at 8.5km downwind of Texaco's Pembrokeshire
refinery. Ozone excess induced lung inflammation also decreased vagal tone
(p=0.03). Nickel in PM2.5 particulates in the lung enters the bloodstream
and excites the heart's electrical system leading to tachycardia, while lead
and iron particulates harm heart muscle (e.g. from London's Northern Line
old trains, and emissions from burning SLF). Lead exposure can elevate blood
pressure. Cadmium (from cigarettes, waste sites, plants using cadmium, and
from burning SLF) and manganese (eg Rhondda hazardous waste site) PM2.5
particulate exposure produces arteriosclerosis plus damage to vessel walls
resulting in aortic aneurisms near the base in young adults, and abdominal
area in older victims. Vehicle pollution is alleged to cause 20,000 heart
deaths in the UK annually, but just one oil refinery according to USEPA
emits as many VOCs as 5 million cars with other emissions in similar
proportions. Industrial emissions from those industries using mixed waste as
fuel, which even include some earth-moving equipment used on waste sites and
opencasting, all exceed car emissions (which government cites as a prime
culprit). This mixed waste SLF comprises both home-sourced and some 73000
shiploads of imported hazardous waste a year coming from many countries,
including what Germany, Denmark and the Ireland would not dare incinerate or
bury themselves, now mostly used as "fuel" in the UK.
Detailed analysis in Boston of patients
suffering myocardial infarcts revealed an increase in odds ratio of 1.48
after 2 hours of an increase of just 25ug/m3 of PM2.5 particulates, with a
second peak from further inflammatory responses amounting to odds ratio of
1.69 at 24 hours exposure to a rise of only 20ug/m3 PM2.5s. Excess UK deaths
annually would exceed 200 in Rhondda, 500 at Merthyr and 8000 in Central
Scotland compared with Western Europe, mostly from heart attacks, because of
presumed PM2.5 pollution as described earlier. Inflammation in the lungs
from PM2.5 particulates, or peptic ulcers with H.pylori, or autoimmune
conditions all cause increased blood coaguability, and/or sticky red blood
cells and/or sticky platelets. In susceptible individuals the result would
be coronary occlusion or stroke or even DVT. Hence the value of preventive
indomethacin, or aspirin plus clopidogrel in selected patients. The biggest
risk group for inducing hospital admissions from PM2.5 damage are those with
acute respiratory infections or defects in the heart electrical control
system.
CANCERS Coking works were
responsible for increased incidence of lung cancer in the oven workers, plus
leukaemia, breast and other cancers in the surrounding population from heavy
metals, phenols, benzine and PCBs dumped as waste. A detailed survey in NSW
Australia of a steelworks, coking works and adjacent waste site, illustrated
how the plume of carcinogens settled, with some fourfold incidence of
leukaemias and ninefold increase in general cancers at 1 mile tailing off to
background rates at 11 miles. USA and UK studies around hazardous waste
sites revealed a rise in cancers within 3 miles, the mix depending on the
items dumped. The same principles apply to inhaled carcinogenic PM 2.5
particles and organic gases from chimneys. The lung cancer rate in West
Glam. has been double that of Powys, but the difference in incidence of
smoking is only 3%. The difference might be explained by emissions from BP
Llandarcy plus the Clydach nickel works as nickel inhalation with or without
PAHs adds to the carcinogenic effects of cadmium and PAHs in cigarettes.
Cadmium causes cancers of lung, bladder, prostate & breast. Radioactive sea
spray from Sellafield's waste resulted in up to 450% rise in cancer
incidence within 2 km of the Irish Sea Welsh coastline. Excess cancer deaths
at present in the plume grounding zone of the oil complex in just
Pembrokeshire could be as high as 800 annually. Exposure to heavy metals
such as arsenic, nickel, cadmium and chromium, or to radioactivity or
dioxins or pesticides such as dieldren and OPs, all cause DNA mutations
which would progress to cancer if the protective P53 gene is damaged by
certain polyaromatic hydrocarbons inhaled from cigarettes, industrial or
vehicle emissions, or if the immune system is deficient in selenium.
Selenium also is used in the thyroid gland and binds some heavy metals,
preventing cell damage. PM2.5 particles become enhanced in carcinogenic
effect under high voltage power lines with the effect dispersing after 400
metres. One would expect minimal effects where PM2.5 levels are lower than
UK, such as Finland. The Millenium Dome site excavation at Greenwich removed
240000 tons of carcinogenic waste from an old gas works, chemical and benzol
plants. Who will dare trace future cancer incidence among the site workers
and residents living within 3 miles? Many workers on the roof developed
RASHES presumedly due to the nickel and phenols excavated below, while
hospital and HSE did not have a clue. An incinerator at Killamarsh near
Sheffield burned 20 tons of arsenate in a 6 month period with high soil
levels confirming excess emissions. In 1986 a Berkshire fire by a reactor
was apparently cooled with water from an adjacent lake. Subsequently the
lake was infilled, and new houses erected upon it. Large number of victims
of leukaemia (with >400 deaths) and other cancers ensued between Earley and
Bracknell. Analysis of property soil and dust samples confirmed levels of
manmade plutonium 239/240 some 1000 times background levels elsewhere in UK,
with presence of other manmade nucleotides as one might expect. The effects
on breast and other cancer incidence resulting from hormone manipulation by
tablet or oestrogen-mimics in non-organic food also need further rigorous
investigation. With print and sewage waste & kiln dust from toxic waste
burning cement works laden with arsenic being dumped on farmland, plus
grounding of dioxins and other emissions, there is plenty of scope for
contaminated milk and other food. Crankcase oils in the feed, colorants and
banned pesticides hardly made for safe salmon. The FSA admitted in 2001 that
UK milk contains PCBs & dioxins, which accumulate.
DEPRESSION. Raised levels of
ultrafine particulates under PM 2.5 were proven in a German study to
increase incidence of depression. Some PAHs, some metals and some other
organic compounds also initiate depression. A high incidence is hence found
in the high-asthma plume-grounding zone in Pembrokeshire and other areas
afflicted with high pollutant levels of the type described, such as Merthyr
Tydfil. Dioxins will deteriorate brain function making children's IQ drop
the equivalent of some 2 classes at school, perhaps explaining findings at
Blyth school near the power station or at Grimsby or Cefn Mawr. Febrile
convulsions following DPT or MMR immunisations in USA also resulted in
almost every affected child suffering low IQ and learning difficulties or
ADHD. Lead exposure can also reduce IQ. Welsh depression incidence in
polluted postcodes has been the highest in the industrialised world, for
example 9 times higher in polluted parts of Pembrokeshire. Depression,
apathy, mood swings and aches & pains can result from OP exposure in
farmers, pesticide workers and others. OP flame-retardants on computer
circuit-boards could explain increased symptoms and surgery attendances in
20 year olds in the UK during recent years. Depression along with
hypothyroidism, reduced exercise and dioxin contaminated milk could explain
much of the rise in OBESITY incidence in the UK.
HYPOTHYROIDISM Certain
organic emissions bind the building blocks in the body, which produce
thyroid hormone. This fact along with selenium deficiency, would explain why
15% of UK women now suffer from this condition. Industrial fluorides,
inhaled or swallowed, also depress thyroid hormone production. The TSH test
done by some doctors may be within the upper range of normal because the
pituitary does not realise the building blocks or production system are
blocked. T3 and T4 levels will reveal any deficiency requiring thyroxin
treatment.
ENDOMETRIOSIS 12.5% of UK
women now have this condition, blamed on a rise in dioxin intake, either
inhaled from waste incinerators or ingested from for example dioxin
contaminated milk. A mycoplasma infection of the uterus has also been
described as a possible causative agent.
INSULIN DEPENDANT DIABETES
Dioxin intake by inhalation and/or ingestion has been revealed in published
journals to be associated with an increased incidence of diabetes. In
Sheffield the hospital admissions for diabetes were recorded per 1000
population as 4 in the city centre but as high as 11 in the eastern zone
affected by pollution from opencasting of dioxin-contaminated land, and
dioxins emitted by the city incinerator & a castings plant. Diabetics given
gamma-linoleic acid supplements were proven in a Glasgow study to be totally
protected from small blood vessel damage in eyes and peripheries, due to
improved blood flow from less sticky platelets and more flexible red blood
cells. The evening primrose oil supplements reduce elevated total
cholesterol levels found in many diabetics. Fish oil supplements, which
contain eicosapentaenoic acid, reduce elevated triglycerides, restore red
blood cell flexibility after 8 weeks and platelets in 2 weeks. So, is it not
prudent to give diabetics with lipid disorders, supplements of fish oil and
evening primrose oil to reduce the raised heart attack incidence risk?
Mycoplasma pancreatitis leads to cessation of insulin production. Raised
incidence of diabetes has also been documented following hepatitis-B vaccine
and the rubella complexes from MMR vaccine.
POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND SOME
REACTIVE ARTHRITIS An increase has been noted in the plume
grounding area of 2 oil refineries in Pembrokeshire, possibly due to an
auto-immune response to haptens formed from fluoride emissions. Exposure to
radioactivity causes deterioration in cartilage.
BIRTH DEFECTS, PERINATAL DEATHS, and
INFANT MORTALITY. The Dolk report concerning selected European
hazardous waste sites revealed a rise in birth defects within 3 miles (5km).
A more recent report compared births under 2km with those affected between
3-5km (with some outside) to fraudulently minimise any differential. Within
5km of Trecatti waste site following conversion to hazardous, the birth
defects, perinatal deaths and infant mortality all doubled. Similarly within
5 km of Nantygwyddon following conversion to hazardous the birth defects
soared and infant mortality doubled. At Corby the public discovered 28 birth
defect babies, again associated with hazardous waste sites, with the infant
mortality in 2000 reaching 12.4 which is virtually identical to those 2
Welsh sites compared to Helsinki 3.3 and Belarus after Cherobyl 14/1000
births. Some sites are clearly worse than others depending on topography and
content. Perinatal deaths in Cardiff and downwind of the plant emitting
tritium were raised significantly, with a 7-month time lag, relating to
early pregnancy exposure. The existence of styrene, vinyl, lead, ethylene
oxide and tritium, apparently with spent uranium and other radioactive waste
at the Nantygwyddon tip (Rhondda) inevitably resulted in huge numbers of
birth defects with as many as one pregnancy in three or more being
terminated for such defects plus several live children with assorted birth
defects. At Warrington (downwind of the Wirral) about one pregnancy in four
was ending in miscarriage or stillbirth. Mutations can be passed on to the
next generation, as has been identified in veterans exposed to nuclear
radiation. Birth defect clusters were noted after the Sea empress crude oil
spill as was found in Ecuador. Another cluster was reported between
Trawsfynydd nuclear power station and Conwy. Pesticide drift has been blamed
for birth defects 9 miles downwind in California.
CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
emanate from cars and from many industrial chimneys. Both, and also
mercaptens, block the P450 cytochrome in the liver so the recipient can no
longer break down toxins inhaled or ingested. The damage may last for 2.5
years. Tests are available in California in this field. Subsequent pollution
will thus have unabated effects on the immune system, neurological system
and elsewhere, resulting in conditions such as ME, whether from reactivation
of Epstein Barr virus, mycoplasma or chemicals. Seven hospital staff
developed ME following installation of a faulty hospital incinerator in
Bristol that leaked CO and burned inadequately. The P450 cytochrome is
controlled by 70 genes, allowing genetic variability and damage. Toxins are
detoxified in 2 phases. Phase 1 requires B-vitamins, flavinoids,
phospholipids, amino acids, selenium and vitamin C. Phase 2 requires glycine,
glutathione, magnesium, vitamins E, B6, B5, B12 & folic acid flavinoids and
other amino acids. Hydrogen sulphide also inactivates cytochrome A3 which
leads to inactivation of mitochondria electron transport resulting in
inhibited oxidative phosphorilation hence reduced energy production
resulting in FATIGUE. Hydrogen sulphide causes conjunctivitis at
concentrations below 10 ppm found near some waste sites (eg Rhondda) and oil
refineries (eg Pembroke), with headaches, nausea, permanent eye damage and
cough above 50ppm, which was recently recorded in a victim's house near that
Rhondda Nantygwyddon hazardous waste site. Hydrogen sulphide is noticeable
above 0.13 ppm.
GRANULOMATOUS CONDITIONS
such as probable berylliosis and sarcoidosis were discovered around
Nantygwyddon (Rhondda) hazardous waste site, the former from the metal
dumped on site, the latter most likely from Mycobacterium a.Paratuberculosis.
Victims near Nantygwyddon site probably comprise both, as attic dust
analysis revealed beryllium excess (presumed ex-MOD nuclear weapon facility)
and there are high levels of M.a.P. in the river Taff downstream of the tip.
Workers at a beryllium plant in Milford Haven exposed to inside levels of
beryllium up to 333 times the HSE limit, have complained of symptoms of
berylliosis.
AUTISM and ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER
have been linked to exposure to mercury by pregnant mothers, arising from
emissions from crematoria and cement works/incinerators burning SLF
hazardous waste as fuel, affecting the foetus, exacerbated in especially
lower weight babies by mercury preservative in many vaccines. Mercury
sensitises the brain, which is affected by multiple live vaccines especially
the measles of MMR if the immune system is deficient from being compromised
by cadmium or mercury exposure or dietary selenium deficiency. Brain cells
would be even more susceptible to attention deficit disorder if affected by
deficiency of essential fatty acids such as found in oily fish (omega-3) or
flaxseed; or exposure to tartrazine or cadmium. Even one injection of
tetanus vaccine in healthy adults sufficed to utilise some in 63.6% of
patients or almost all in 36.4% of patients of available T-lymphocytes.
Cimetidine has been found to stimulate T-lymphocyte production and hence has
shortened recovery in shingles. Is this why some babies cannot cope with
multiple live vaccines like MMR with some producing antibodies to only part
of the combination, leaving for example clusters of live measles virus in
the bowel wall causing low-grade inflammation with leaks of partly digested
bits of polypeptide chains into the bloodstream to cause yet more potential
problems. Genes in Gulf War veterans have been found with fragmented,
reshuffled genes of chromosome 22Q11.2, which is required in antibody
production. This gene damage can result from viruses or other cell stress
from chemicals, as found in ME. If an immunised baby has damaged or
sensitised systems or inadequate T-lymphocytes, it is hardly surprising that
problems may occur. It has been a feature of the UK MENINGITIS outbreaks,
that all appear to have occurred in polluted areas, where strained immune
systems could explain susceptibility. Autopsies of 80,000 New York dead
birds 2000/2001 revealed the majority died from OP pesticides, while the
balance succumbed to West Nile Virus due to immune systems damaged by the
same OP pesticides. [Ed. Note: Dr.
Steenis is reconsidering his views of those press releases, critiqued in
wnvDB1
and
wnvDB2
and
avdieoff]
A few children have succumbed to one strain of meningitis following
immunisation against another in polluted areas, again probably due to
overload of the immune system with T-lymphocytes diverted to dealing with
the lung PM2.5 particulates from the pollution, with insufficient left over.
Low pollution in Finland plus selenium crop supplements probably allowed
fewer babies to have registered problems with the MMR vaccine.
Doctors must be aware of the described cocktail
effects of interacting pollutants and challenges in patients of variable
status. An analysis of practice and hospital databases providing anonymised
postcoded data would be of great benefit. The author may, on request, provide
appropriate information or advice.
Copyright Dr. Dick van Steenis M.B.B.S. 23
October 2001 Contact:
vsteenis@pgen.net
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