http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20010522/hl/ecoli_1.html
Cattle-Feed Vaccine Could Lower E. Coli Risk
By E. J. Mundell
ORLANDO (Reuters Health) - Scientists say they are busy
developing an edible vaccine that could stop the E. coli bacteria (news - web sites)
where it starts—in cattle and other livestock.
The best way to deliver such a vaccine would be to add it
to the animals’ feed, explained researcher Nicole Roup, a graduate student at
the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland.
“We’re looking specifically at corn,” Roup said. She
presented her findings here Tuesday at the annual meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology.
The E. coli 0157:H7 strain is the most common cause of
infectious bloody diarrhea in the United States, linked to nearly 73,000 cases every
year. These types of illness can be especially harmful—even deadly—in the
elderly, the very young or those with compromised immune systems, such as
people with HIV (news - web sites). Individuals
usually contract the illness via contaminated food or water.
Because cattle are a main reservoir for E. coli, it made
sense to try to combat the problem there, Roup told Reuters Health. Previous research
had demonstrated that plants make cheap, safe vehicles for the transmission of
vaccines, so Roup set about finding a suitable E. coli vaccine for introduction into plant cells.
She settled on a protein called intimin, found on the
outer coat of the E. coli organism. Intimin “helps the bacteria adhere to the intestinal
surface,” Roup explained. It also wreaks havoc on the intestinal wall, causing
the bleeding that characterizes E. coli-linked diarrhea.
Priming the cattle’s immune system to recognize intimin
could serve as a potent vaccine to reducing E. coli infection rates, Roup theorized.
Her studies in tobacco plant cells showed that plants can be genetically
engineered to carry genes expressing intimin. And in experiments in mice,
animals fed genetically-altered plant cells displayed an “intimin-specific
immune antibody response,” Roup said.
The next step is testing the vaccine in cattle feed. Of
course, the genetic manipulation of cattle feed could raise worries in a public
already wary of genetically-modified crops. But the Maryland researcher
believes the potential benefits of a corn-based cattle vaccine are “so
promising, that with education as to its capacity to prevent human disease,
people will be more receptive.”
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