Jeanette Winterson
Tuesday March 6, 2001
The Guardian
I have bought organic food since the days when you had to call a New Age
hippy from a phone box and haggle over a cabbage. Before that, I was
vegetarian because I hate factory farming, its treatment of animals and its
effect on the land.
I am used to hearing the usual blather about how expensive organic food
is and how it can never be more than a niche market for cranks. The fact is,
I spend less on food than my "sensible" friends, because I buy only raw
materials and I cook.
Now, I'm not claiming to be Marguerite Patten and this is not an essay on
how to whip up a nutritious meal for six using only a tin of Spam and an
elastic band. What I am claiming is that most people's shopping habits cost
them more than food farmed sustainably would, if our shopping habits could
be changed.
Try this experiment - junk all the ready meals and snack foods, decide to
eat meat only two or three times a week, and buy the best of everything. You
will save a fortune. One of the most fascinating things about Channel 4's
1940s House was what happened to Mrs Hymer after the series ended. She did
not go back to supermarket shopping and she no longer bought convenience
foods. The result was a saving of £70 a week for a family of five.
The fact is that women are mostly still in charge of shopping and
cooking. This gives us huge power. We can change food production in Britain
faster than governments or legislation. What we demand will determine what
supermarkets buy.
Something has to happen - and soon. On the back of BSE comes foot and
mouth. Not long ago it was E coli and salmonella. Farming is not a business
in which costs can be cut indefinitely. The real price of cheap food is a
sickly, obese population and a chemically maintained countryside where
disease flourishes, while habitat and species diversity is destroyed. The
bucket-loads of antibiotics fed to animals have not proved protection
against the unnatural way they are farmed.
Nick Brown says he wants to look again at the effects of intensive
farming. The big issue is going to be cheap food. Ask yourself this: why
will you pay 50p for a chocolate bar and expect six eggs for the same price?
Food has become something we seem to feel should not cost money. To keep
prices low and margins high, supermarkets import half of what we eat. I live
in the Cotswolds, next door Hereford produces wonderful beef. My local Tesco
only sells organic beef from Argentina. How does that help British farmers?
How does that support a rural economy?
It is true that beef ranched abroad can be produced more cheaply than
anything we can manage in Britain - or so it seems. Earth scientist James
Lovelock has worked out the true cost of a rainforest hamburger. He arrived
at this figure by ruling out all the economically invisible benefits
rainforests provide - habitat, livelihood for indigenous people, etc - and
focused on the fact that rainforests act as giant cooling systems for the
whole planet. He then calculated the cost of providing this service
technologically. He divided that cost per hectare of forest, averaged the
number of cattle ranched on each cleared hectare, then worked out how many
hamburgers could be got from each animal. So next time you pay 99p, remember
the $65 the planet has paid for you.
The implications of the way we eat will be problems our children will
have to solve. Seventy-five per cent of the earth's fertile land is farmed.
I do not believe more chemicals, drugs and GM crops are the answer. The
answer starts with a quiet revolution - what we are going to eat and how we
are going to pay for it. We will have to pay, if not out of our pockets,
then out of our bodies. We will pay with our health and with the health of
the planet.
Purse power is not just a middle-class solution, but as the middle
classes are better paid and better informed, they are in a strong position
to drive the changes in shopping habits that are the only thing that will
force supermarkets to alter their destructive buying policies. When Tony
Blair accused supermarkets of holding farmers in an "armlock", he was right.
The supermarkets in turn blame the consumer - forgetting the 1960s
advertising adage: "The consumer is not a moron, she is your wife."
Now she has her own bank account. Go shop.
This column will appear fortnightly.
www.jeanettewinterson.com