SCHAFER AUTISM REPORT "Healing Autism:

No Finer a Cause on the Planet" ________________________________________________________________

Thursday, March 11, 2004 Vol. 8 No. 51

THE AUTISM CALENDAR: NOW WITH OVER 300 EVENTS LISTED

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RESEARCH - Abstracts

* [A Magnetoencephalographic Study Of Generalised Developmental Disorders. A New Proposal For Their Classification]

* Comparison of High-Functioning Atypical Autism And Childhood Autism By Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version

* Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis Of The Fmr1 Gene In Autistic And Mentally Retarded Children In Japan

* Monozygotic Twins With Tuberous Sclerosis Discordant For The Severity Of Developmental Deficits

* Understanding Co-Morbidities Affecting Children With Epilepsy

RESEARCH - Features

* Artists are From Venus, Scientists from Mars?

* The Autism Pandemic and the MMR Vaccine Connection

CARE

* Yukon Government To Spend More On Health Programs

* Childhood Autism 'Growing At An Epidemic Rate' in Hawaii

EDUCATION

* The Special Education Muckraker

RESEARCH

[A Magnetoencephalographic Study Of Generalised Developmental Disorders. A New Proposal For Their Classification] [Article in Spanish]

ds=15011151&dopt=Abstract

Munoz Yunta JA, Palau Baduell M, Salvado Salvado B, Amo C, Fernandez Lucas A, Maestu F, Ortiz T. Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Espana.

Introduction. Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) is a term that is not included in DSM IV or in ICD 10, which are the diagnostic tools most commonly used by clinical professionals but can offer problems in research when it comes to finding homogenous groups. Development.

From a neuropaediatric point of view, there is a need for a classification of the generalised disorders affecting development and for this purpose we used Wing's triad, which defines the continuum of the autistic spectrum, and the information provided by magnetoencephalography

(MEG) as grouping elements. Specific generalised developmental disorders were taken as being those syndromes that partially expressed some autistic trait, but with their own personality so that they could be considered to be a specific disorder.

ASD were classified as being primary, cryptogenic or secondary. The primary disorders, in turn, express a continuum that ranges from Savant syndrome to Asperger's syndrome and the different degrees of early infantile autism. MEG is a functional neuroimaging technique that has enabled us to back up this classification.

PMID: 15011151 [PubMed - in process]

* * *

Comparison of High-Functioning Atypical Autism And Childhood Autism By Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version.

ds=15009830&dopt=Abstract

Kanai C, Koyama T, Kato S, Miyamoto Y, Osada H, Kurita H. Departments of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo and Faculty of Law, Senshu University, Tokyo, Japan.

To assess autistic symptom differences between high-functioning atypical autism (atypical symptomatology) (HAA; IQ >/= 70) and childhood autism (HCA), 53 HAA children (mean: 6.0 +/- 0.5 years) were compared with 21 HCA children (mean: 8.2 +/- 1.1 years) on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo version (CARS-TV).

Because IQ on the Japanese version of the Stanford-Binet and CARS-TV total scores differed significantly between HAA and HCA, analysis of covariance was conducted with IQ and CARS-TV total scores controlled for.

In two items of CARS-TV (relationship with people and general

impressions) the HAA children were significantly less abnormal than the HCA children.

Affect tended to be significantly milder in HAA than HCA. Anxiety reaction was significantly more abnormal in HAA than HCA. These findings may be useful to distinguish between HAA and HCA.

PMID: 15009830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

* * *

Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis Of The Fmr1 Gene In Autistic And Mentally Retarded Children In Japan.

ds=15000256&dopt=Abstract

Shinahara K, Saijo T, Mori K, Kuroda Y.

Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan.

Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common causes of mental retardation in males, and patients with fragile X syndrome occasionally develop autism.

It is usually caused by an expansion of the trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene, but in a small number of patients deletions and point mutations have been identified.

We screened all 17 exons of the FMR1 gene for mutations in 90 autistic or mentally retarded children using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis.

No mutations were found in 76 male patients.

However, one female patient was heterozygous for a normal allele and a mutant allele with an A to C substitution at nucleotide 879 in exon 9.

This mutation was not found in 50 controls.

Reverse transcription-PCR revealed that a large proportion of the mutant transcripts were spliced aberrantly, causing premature termination of the protein synthesis.

Although uncommon, point mutations in the FMR1 gene may be a cause of autism and mental retardation in Japanese patients.

PMID: 15000256 [PubMed - in process]

* * *

Characterization of the Various Forms Of The Reelin Protein In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Normal Subjects And In Neurological Diseases.

ds=15006702&dopt=Abstract

Ignatova N, Sindic CJ, Goffinet AM.

Developmental Genetics Unit, University of Louvain Medical School, B1200 Brussels, Belgium.

Reelin is a large extracellular glycoprotein that is defective in reeler mutant mice and plays a well-established role during brain development in human as well as rodents.

In the adult brain, Reelin is expressed in a subset of GABAergic interneurons.

Its role in disease states is not clearly defined, although it is implicated in autism and psychoses such as schizophrenia.

In this report, we show that Reelin immunoreactive proteins can be detected in the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with monoclonal antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein.

In CSF, Reelin is present as different products due to processing at two main sites; preservation at -20 degrees C increases processing further.

CSF Reelin originates from the brain tissue and not from plasma.

The protein was detected in comparable concentrations in children and adults, and the signal varied largely from subject to subject with no obvious correlation with age or neurological disease state.

PMID: 15006702 [PubMed - in process]

* * *

Monozygotic Twins With Tuberous Sclerosis Discordant For The Severity Of Developmental Deficits.

ds=15007135&dopt=Abstract

Humphrey A, Higgins JN, Yates JR, Bolton PF.

Developmental Psychiatry Section (Drs. Humphrey and Bolton) and Department of Medical Genetics (Dr. Yates), University of Cambridge, and Department of Neuroradiology (Dr. Higgins), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, and Department of Child Psychiatry and MRC Centre for Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry (Dr. Bolton), Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.

A pair of monozygotic male twins with tuberous sclerosis (TS) were followed between 18 months and 3 years of age.

Twin A with 25 large cortical tubers and hence extensive brain involvement was moderately mentally retarded and met criteria for autism.

The other twin had more (n = 31) but smaller tubers.

He was not mentally retarded and did not meet criteria for autism.

This study provides evidence that nongenetic factors such as extent of brain abnormality and not just number of cortical tubers are important in determining phenotypic variability in TS.

The findings also raise questions about the mechanisms giving rise to autism in TS.

PMID: 15007135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

* * *

Understanding Co-Morbidities Affecting Children With Epilepsy.

ds=15007160&dopt=Abstract

Pellock JM.

Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA.

Co-morbid conditions frequently occur in childhood epilepsy and may significantly affect epilepsy and its treatment.

Similarly, epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may affect these associated conditions.

Co-morbidities that have a significant association with childhood epilepsy include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, developmental disabilities, accidental injury, migraine, and depression/anxiety.

Understanding the interrelationships among co-morbidities, epilepsy, and their treatments is essential to optimal management of pediatric patients.

Treatment should be individualized with consideration for specific co-morbidities and concomitant medications.

Key treatment goals are to achieve seizure control and optimal physical and cognitive function using the simplest possible AED regimen.

The clinician should consider whether an antiepileptic treatment can be chosen that also ameliorates the co-morbid condition.

Newer AEDs, such as lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, and tiagabine, may benefit children with epilepsy and some co-morbid disorders.

PMID: 15007160 [PubMed - in process]

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* * *

Univer. of Calif. Irvine Study Identifies How New Neurons Grow In Adult Brain Findings have potential implications for the use of stem cells to treat neurological diseases

A UC Irvine study on cell growth in the adult brain may provide important clues to the potential use of stem cells in the treatment of memory-related diseases such as Alzheimer's.

The study shows for the first time how newborn neurons in the adult brain grow and integrate into the area involved with learning and memory. The findings may prove significant because these new neurons begin in a primitive state similar to stem cells, and understanding how they mature may help stem cell research into neurological diseases.

Study results will appear in the March 12 issue (volume 1000, issues

1-2) of the journal Brain Research, a special commemorative issue in observance of its 1,000th published volume.

While examining how new neural cells mature in the hippocampus, the area of the brain associated with learning and memory, Charles E. Ribak, professor of anatomy and neurobiology, found that new neurons in the adult brain grow neural signaling appendages in a similar way to those found in developing brains. "The process begins with undifferentiated cells, which are cells that have no appendages, such as dendrites and axons," Ribak said. "Because stem cells also are undifferentiated, they may have the potential to grow and mature into new neurons in a similar manner."

Ribak's study was done on rats. He and his colleagues studied newborn neurons to determine when synapses form, which is the point when they become a functional part of the brain's neural circuitry. Matthew J. Korn and Zhiyin Shan of UCI and Andre Obenaus of Loma Linda University assisted in the study, which was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

* * *

Artists are From Venus, Scientists from Mars? Great Minds Don't Think Alike

Working with artists and scientists has demonstrated that great art constitutes an open investigation into the human condition - into experience, memory and love.

These subjects are also common to scientific study. Yet despite these universal interests, I’m convinced that artists are cast from a different mould to scientists and our recent study looking into "brain types" suggests that this is indeed the case.

This year, two Scottish art galleries have been shortlisted for the Gulbenkian Prize for the Museum of the Year, which awards originality and innovation in galleries and exhibition spaces across the UK. This is proof, if any was needed, of a thriving Scottish arts scene that is well prepared to take on its southern neighbour.

But beyond any geographical divisions, the award highlights for me, as a scientist, a deeper cultural divide - only one science exhibition out of 13 has been nominated for the prize.

Science consistently fails to engage the public imagination on the same scale as the arts. Although progress is certainly being made, largely thanks to the enthusiasm and ardour of a few scientists committed to its public communication, this failure may have a deeper cause.

It has become increasingly evident to me that there is a limited number of scientists who can genuinely engage with the public imagination. This certainly reflects a lack of support given to scientists by funding bodies, universities and heads of departments who believe that communicating science diminishes one’s scientific merit.

Yet even if the right channels were available, is the lack of good communicators also due to the relative inability of scientists to engage with other minds and imaginations per se? And if so, why is that the case? If I were to take you to the faculty of engineering at the University of Strathclyde, then to the Mackintosh building, home of Glasgow School of Art, I wouldn’t have to tell you whether you where in an arts or science institution. Scientists dress differently to artists. Sartorial innovation and even, sometimes, awareness is a rare thing in our science departments. But not only that - the feel of these places is different, the way people talk, they way they walk, the sensual temper of the place.

I have worked with artists and scientists for ten years and there is no doubt in my mind they are different species - and thankfully, you might think.

If, as I believe as a neuroscientist, all our thoughts, emotions and imagination are constructs of our brains, then it would appear that the mind of the artist must work very differently to that of the scientist.

Of course, some of my colleagues would say this is all cultural and no more - but I’m not too sure. Maybe we were born to be artists or scientists.

Part of an ongoing study into science and art, which will be discussed at a talk at the Glasgow Science Centre next week, suggests that when taken as a group, scientists are systemisers while artists are empathisers.

Perhaps this is not surprising. The nature of the scientific endeavour calls for an unwavering objectivity and focus on the systematic classification of knowledge through repeatable measurement, without the presence of the subjectivity of the researcher.

By contrast, artists’ work requires a constant awareness of the existence of other subjectivities, of their own and others’ personal, social and historical context.

In other words, they must have a strong degree of empathy, a trait which scientists, at least as most science is practised today, do not need in abundance.

The survey, using a questionnaire devised by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, of Cambridge University, investigated levels of systemising and empathising in 1,500 scientists and artists. Scientists scored 22 per cent higher than artists on systemising, and artist scored 8 per cent higher than scientists on empathising.

So if the ability to imagine the minds of others really is somewhat lesser for scientists, then maybe that helps to explain why there are fewer scientists able to reach out and grab the public’s attention. In my mind, it ’s certainly not because science is any less interesting.

Now, systemising and empathising may seem like so much psychobabble, but these concepts have been placed on a firm scientific footing by Prof Baron-Cohen, who argues forcefully that these two "brain types" actually reflect heritable biological differences.

Moreover, one cause of these differences may be down to levels of sex hormones, particularly testosterone. This is central to Prof Baron-Cohen’s argument, since he claims that the "essential difference" between men and women is that men are systemisers and women empathisers. Of course, he is talking about population averages here, and for individuals things are not so black and white.

The results of our study may then go some way towards explaining the perceived sex differences in the arts and the sciences.

Finally, perhaps most tantalisingly, Prof Baron-Cohen has used a similar test to demonstrate that people who suffer from Asperger’s syndrome (a high-functioning form of autism) score very high on systemising and very low on empathising. And Asperger individuals - usually men - are far more likely to be found in the sciences, particularly the "hard" sciences like maths and engineering.

The Glasgow Science Centre lecture will look more closely at just how scientists’ and artists’ brains might differ, and whether these differences are environmentally or culturally mediated, or innate.

On the way, I will look at the recent discovery of a brain area that is thought to be the basis for mathematical ability, and what happens when it goes wrong.

I’ll also look at artistic creativity, through the remarkable story of a 56-year-old builder who developed a profound sense of creativity following a stroke, and how we might all tap into our creativity.

• Dr Mark Lythgoe is a neurophysiologist at University College, London. His lecture is at the Glasgow Science Centre at 7pm next Thursday. He was assisted in data analysis by Tom Pollak, a visiting research psychologist.

* * *

The Autism Pandemic and the MMR Vaccine Connection.

[Paul Watson, Past President of the Autism Society of Collin County Texas.]

This is published research showing a strong correlation to the MMR vaccine programs in the United States and England and the Pandemic increase in Autism from 1 in 10,000 births to 1 in 150 births in the last 20 some years. The response by the "Conventional Wisdom" of the medical community and government agencies has been to attack the reputation of the researchers and the parents of the Autism children rather than investigate the potential causes of this pandemic. The majority of the sponsored research as a reaction to the controversy has been to analyze population records that only record vaccine reactions typically reported in the first weeks after a vaccine, ignoring the fact that a majority of Autism cases are not identified until children enter early childhood and school programs at age 3 to 7 years old long after any connection to a vaccine reaction can be identified much less reported back to the vaccine tracking systems.

There has been a plethora of emotional attacks by the medical and government establishment against the researchers and the Autism community for being anti-vaccine and quacks. The establishment keeps saying it can not be the vaccines because we all know they are safe and the good of the herd is more vital than the damage to individuals.

All the stunned parents are able to do is request direct research funding into the clinical analysis of individuals with Autism and double blind studies and long term follow up of vaccine programs. This emotional response by the authorities seems to be the same as the Tobacco Industry’s denial of the lung cancer connection to cigarettes, the Catholic Church’s reaction to the Pedophile priest crisis in the USA, and the English government’s response to the outbreak of Mad Cow Disease.

A "Reasonable Person" would expect the authorities to respond to the initial reports by Wakefield by saying that’s significant and important findings, and we need to do immediate clinical research to replicate and further explore the Vaccine connections with hands on science to find the sources and causes of this. Instead they just re-publishing old data from statically flawed data bases to prove the current Conventional Wisdom that there are no vaccine connections.

With no real reasons to go on all we can do is speculate that this emotional and irrational response by the authorities is just the typical reaction of all old bureaucratic institutions when they are first confronted with facts showing they might have made a mistake. First it is denial, then attack the confronters, next cover-up and hide the truth, and finally after overwhelming public condemnation, begrudgingly give in to investigation and eventual reform.

official: The Earth revolves around the sun, even for the Vatican. The Roman Catholic Church has admitted erring these past 359 years in formally condemning Galileo Galilei for entertaining scientific truths it long denounced as anti-scriptural heresy. Unable to comprehend a non-literal reading of Scripture, according to the commission, the judges feared that if Galileo's ideas were taught, they would undermine Catholic tradition at a time when it was under attack by Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. The case was important to him, John Paul said Saturday, because over the centuries it had become "the symbol of the church's supposed rejection of scientific progress, or of 'dogmatic' obscurantism opposed to the free search for truth."

I think today Andrew J. Wakefield is for Autism and MMR vaccines what Galileo was to the Catholic Church.

The established safety of the childhood Vaccine program is the dogma of the Medical Establishment of today.

God help you if you dare go against the established order of the universe. Instead of funding more research with Wakefield he eventually was fired and banished to the USA from England for daring to question the establishment.

Why the Obsessive Compulsive disorder "OCD" need to inject all kids from day 1 to 18 months a "Reasonable Person" might ask? Simply that way the medical establishment can insure all the kids are covered with vaccines and the human herd is protected. That way it’s done, no follow up calls, hounding of parents to come in for later follow up appointments or chasing poor people and illegal immigrants who have poor well baby care follow up habits.

See below: USA Vaccine Immunization Schedule Birth: Hep B1 1-4

months: Hep B* 2 months: DTaP2, Hib3, IPV4, PCV5 4 months: DTaP, Hib, IPV,

PCV 6 months: DTaP, Hib, PCV 6-18 months: Hep B, IPV 12-15 months: Hib, MMR6, PCV 12-18 months: Var7 15-18 months: DTaP 4-6 years: DTaP, MMR, IPV 11-12 years: Td** > 6 months:(annually) Influenza*** 1Hepatitis B vaccine. May be given at any age for those not previously immunized.

2Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine 3Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine 4Inactivated poliovirus vaccine 5Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 6Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine 7Varicella vaccine. May be given at any visit after first birthday.

* Second dose should be administered at least 1 month after the first dose.

** Tetanus booster. Delay if less than 5 years since last tetanus vaccine injection.

*** Influenza vaccine is recommended every year for high-risk children older than 6 months. High-risk groups include but are not limited to children with asthma, heart problems, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The American Academy of Pediatrics encourages the parents of all infants 6 to 23 months old to immunize their children against the influenza virus. Annual vaccination is available for other children if desired.

Types of Vaccines Four different types of vaccines are currently

available: Attenuated (weakened) live viruses are used in some vaccines such as in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Killed (inactivated) viruses or bacteria are used in some vaccines, such as in IPV.

Toxoid vaccines contain a toxin produced by the bacterium. For example, the diphtheria and tetanus vaccines are actually toxoid vaccines.

Biosynthetic vaccines contain synthetic substances. The Hib vaccine is a biosynthetic vaccine containing two antigens combined to form a conjugate molecule that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies effective against the naturally occurring bacterium.

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children A J Wakefield, S H Murch, A Anthony, J Linnell, D M Casson, M Malik, M Berelowitz, A P Dhillon, M A Thomson, P Harvey, A Valentine, S E Davies, J A Walker-Smith

Volume 351, Number 9103 28 February 1998

Background We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder.

Methods 12 children (mean age 6 years [range 3-10], 11 boys) were referred to a paediatric gastroenterology unit with a history of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills, including language, together with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Children underwent gastroenterological, neurological, and developmental assessment and review of developmental records. Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy sampling, magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture were done under sedation. Barium follow-through radiography was done where possible. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological profiles were examined.

Findings Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0·003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children.

Interpretation We identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.

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CARE

Yukon Government To Spend More On Health Programs

region=North

The Yukon government plans to spend more than (Canadian) $9.5 million on health programs in the Territory.

Health minister Peter Jenkins has announced that he'll give an additional $3.1 million to Whitehorse General Hospital. He says some of that money will be spent on a cardiac testing program.

More money will also be spent to support children and families with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and autism.

Close to $2-million will go to drug programs for seniors, like Pharmacare and the Extended Benefits Program, as well as Chronic Disease and the Children's Drug and Optical programs.

* * *

Childhood Autism 'Growing At An Epidemic Rate' in Hawaii

leCode=&section=

Honolulu - Childhood autism in Hawaii is growing at an epidemic rate, according to Autism Society of Hawaii officials.

The state Department of Education has categorised more than 720 kids with autism out of about 23,000 in special education in 2002, or about 3.1 per cent, compared with 1 per cent nationally, said Naomi Grossman, the Autism Society of Hawaii president.

"It's no longer just an alarming rate; it's an epidemic pace, and we're really concerned because it could be due to a lot of things, like the Brick Township in New Jersey," Grossman said.

In Brick Township, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), found in 1998 that 6.7 out of every 1,000 children aged three to ten had autism disorders. The rate - three times greater than in previous years - suggested a possible geographic cluster. An investigation indicated the number of cases could be affected by environmental factors as well as genetic influences.

Usually diagnosed before the age of six, autism is a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders affecting a person's ability to interact socially and communicate, causing unusual and repetitive behaviour.

The number of Hawaii residents aged six to 22 diagnosed with autism rose to 528 in 2002 from 64 in 1993, according to Fighting Autism, a research and advocacy organisation.

* * *

EDUCATION

The Special Education Muckraker

The headline is: USDOE - See No Rape, Hear No Rape, And Never, Never Speak Of Rape.

No Child Left Behind mandated a study of "school sexual abuse." USDOE didn't like the mandate, and sure doesn't like the report it commissioned and received on March 1st. In fact, a USDOE spokesperson has already stated that USDOE will not follow the recommendation from its own expert scholar to conduct a serious nationwide study of school sexual abuse by educators. The feds previously insisted that the name of the report be changed to remove any mention of the recommended national study!

We are outraged. You should be, too. Unless you're a sexual molester working in a public school, that is.

- Dee Alpert, Publisher, The Special Education Muckraker

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COPYRIGHT NOTICE: The above items are copyright protected. They are for our readers' personal education or research purposes only and provided at their request. Articles may not be further reprinted or used commercially without consent from the copyright holders. To find the copyright holders, follow the referenced website link provided at the beginning of each item. _________________________________________________________________

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