
Chapter 5.
Mammograms -Who Needs Them?
Excerpt from Breast Cancer? Breast
Health! By Susun S. Weed
Mammograms are inaccurate
Low-radiation mammograms are safer mammograms, but less
radiation means a fuzzier picture. Standard x-rays-rarely used
any more for breasts-create an easy-to-interpert
high-radiation image. Xerograms use half that radiation, but
are twice as hard to read. Film-screen mammography, the latest
very-low-radiation exam, gives an image that's even more
difficult to interpret. More than 10 percent of all screening
mammograms done at one large center in 1992 couldn't be read
and had to be redone.2
A 1994 study showed wide variation in the accuracy with
which mammograms are interpreted. Understandably, those who
read screening mammograms regularly are more accurate than
those who rarely do; in some hospitals, however, work loads
are so heavy that accuracy suffers from lack of time, not
inexperience.
Roughly 8 out of 10 "positive" mammographic reports are
"false positive," that is, a subsequent biopsy does not
confirm the presence of cancer. And as many as half (10-15
percent at an excellent facility) of all "negative"
mammographic reports are "false negative." 3
According to current data, if all American women 40-50
years old were screened yearly by mammogram, 40 out of every
100 breast cancers would be missed.4 If all women over 50 were
screened, 13 out of every 100 breast cancers would be missed.
Half of all breast cancers in women under 45 are invisible on
a mammogram.5 Screening mammograms often miss the deadliest
breast cancers: fast-growing tumors in premenopausal women.
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Mammograms - Who needs them?
All mammograms are x-rays.
Mammograms are inaccurate.
Mammograms can't tell if there's cancer.
Mammograms don't replace breast self-exams.
Mammographic screening increases risk of
breast cancer mortality in premenopausal women.
Why I haven't had a baseline mammogram.
Mammograms aren't safe.
Screening mammograms lead to overtreatment.
Screening mammograms don't increase your
chances of being cured . . . or of surviving longer.
Mammograms don't find cancer before it
metastasizes.
Aren't mammograms life saving for women over
55?
Yearly screening mammograms aren't cost
effective to society nor are they safe environmentally.
Is there a less risky way to participate in
screening mam-mography?
Mammograms distract us from the need for
societal commitment to true prevention.
Are there other ways to find early-stage
breast cancers?
Mammograms don't promote breast health.
If You Decide to Have a Mammogram.
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