Slender and
blond, 4-year-old Jared Dick picks up a game controller to play what he calls
monkey ball and slips into his self-absorbed Nintendo heaven.
His
behavioral therapist, Kelly Mulligan, waits as the boys mother negotiates a
deal. Minutes later, Jared walks quietly downstairs to his therapy room.
Two years
ago, this scene would have resembled something out of parent hell.
Back then,
Bill and Jennifer Dick never even dared take their son to a restaurant. His
behavior wasnt like just any out-of-control brat. He repeatedly dashed
full-speed down aisles and did headstands in the booths, kicking strangers.
Jared has
autism, a term describing not only a mysterious brain disorder of diminished
social and communication abilities but also a parental nightmare.
At least,
the Dicks might tell you, Jared used to have autism.
Downstairs,
Mulligan teaches the final skills Jared will need for kindergarten, which is
fast approaching.
For his
parents, Jareds controversial educational therapy has been a prolonged,
expensive and draining ordeal, but one they credit with saving their son from an
isolated life, years of special-education classes and, ultimately, adult
disability work programs.
With this
therapy, its given us our son back, Jennifer, 28, said.
The familys
out-of-pocket-costs so far total $50,000, of which the grandparents paid
$10,000. Even after getting a second mortgage, the Dicks outstanding debts
total $16,000.
But she
would do it again, Jennifer said, in a heartbeat, just to have her son be able
to tell her, Mom, I love you.
Its not a
phrase parents with an autistic child are accustomed to hearing.
This is a
story of one familys triumph, but its implications stretch far beyond to the
increasing thousands of children diagnosed with autism each year. They reach
also to taxpayers, now paying nearly $100 billion annually for the care of
autistic adults.
Their story
begins two years ago with the birth of the Dicks second son, Caleb.
Jared, then
21/2, couldnt have cared less about having a baby brother. Jareds terrible
2s, Jennifer recalled, were out of control and getting worse.
The
grandparent then caring for Jared as his mother worked as a nurse told her she
was getting too old to do day care any longer.
It was
probably a kind way of saying their child was unmanageable.
Jared had
other oddities. He often repeated the words of others. He once lined up toy cars
at the top of a slide and pushed them down one by one for an hour. He was aloof
and withdrawn.
But the
Dicks never noticed -- or admitted to themselves -- just how far their child had
fallen behind others.
At his new
day care, however, it wasnt long before a director called with concerns. Later
testing found Jared was straddling the border of someone mildly to moderately
autistic.
I was
devastated, Jennifer said. The vision you have for your child is gone.
At age 3,
Jareds language skills were nearly two years behind normal development. His IQ
score of 65 placed his intelligence well below normal.
Bills
health insurance policy excludes payment for autism treatment, but there was
some financial help available. For children under age 3, there is early
intervention public assistance. Federal law guarantees a free, appropriate
public education for children between the ages of 3 and 21. Parents and
lawmakers, however, can differ greatly over the meaning of appropriate public
education.
Jared soon
entered an early assistance class with about nine other children, some having
different types of disabilities, Jennifer said.
As she read
up on the various autism treatment programs available, applied behavioral
analysis emerged as the one with the most proven success record. It was also
extremely expensive, requiring one-on-one instruction for 40 hours each week
over a period of years. Therapy costs would reach as high as $115 per hour.
Bills
reaction: Thats not a possibility, Jennifer said.
But they
soon agreed that the school districts early childhood special-education program
was failing Jared, and time was running short. Jared needed not a Chevy
education if he was going to have a chance at success, Jennifer said, but a
Cadillac education.
The Dicks
put Jared in a program now operating under the name of LIFE Midwest. The small
organization began providing intensive applied behavioral analysis in Nebraska
about two years ago.
As soon as
we got him out of ECSE program, he was almost exponentially better, Bill said.
They came to think of the costs as paying for their childs college education 15
years early, said Bill, 33.
Before 1987,
the widely held prognosis for infantile autism was of certain and severe
lifelong disability.
That was
also the year Los Angeles clinical psychologist Ivar Lovaas published findings
from a landmark study of autistic children. Lovaas subjected autistic children
to the proven techniques of applied behavioral analysis, but for 40 hours
weekly, lasting two years. At the end of the experiment, half of those who
received the intensive training no longer met the criteria for an autism
diagnosis. Even among those who did, improvement was markedly greater in
comparison to their peers.
The study
findings remained relatively obscure, but applied behavioral analysis gained a
boost in the early 1990s with Catherine Maurices autobiographical account, Let
Me Hear Your Voice. Her story tells of struggles to find effective treatment
for her two autistic children, now thriving, she claims, due to applied
behavioral analysis.
In the world
of autism today, there exist a large number of treatment approaches. They
include: Applied behavioral analysis: It operates under the principle that
behavior rewarded is more likely to be repeated than behavior ignored.
Discrete
trial training :A subset of ABA that involves working one-on-one with trained
professionals 30 to 40 hours each week, moving gradually from simple to complex
skills.
Treatment
and education of autistic and related communication handicapped children: It
centers on adapting the learning environment to the child rather than the child
to the environment.
Picture
exchange communication systems: It uses ABA methods in teaching children to
exchange a picture for something they want.
Social
stories: Uses storytelling to help children learn appropriate responses in
common social situations.
Fairfax
County, Virginia Parents for Autistic Childrens Education
(PACE) filed an
application to open the first special education charter school in Virginia on
July 1st.
The charter
school will utilize Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), the only educational
intervention with scientific evidence in peer reviewed journals of its
efficacy. In 1999, the New York State Department of Health completed a three
year study on best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of children with
autism. Their conclusion, based on evaluation of the scientific literature, was
that ABA is the best practice for young children with autism. Similarly, the
U.S. Surgeon General commented favorably on ABA. Presently, Fairfax County
Public Schools (FCPS) is not using a true ABA model in any of its autism
programs.
PACE, a not
for profit organization of parents in Northern Virginia who have children with
autism, filed their application with the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS)
this afternoon to open The PACE School beginning in July 2004. PACE looks
forward to working with FCPS to refine its application and to obtain approval
for this charter school by the December 1, 2003 deadline.
The National
Research Council issued a report in 2001 identifying certain minimal criteria
for an effective and appropriate educational program for children with autism
under the age of eight. Some of the report s recommendations included the need
for equivalent of a full school day, five days (25 hours) a week, with full year
programming; repeated, planned teaching opportunities; ongoing program
evaluation and assessments of each childs progress, with results translated
into programming adjustments; and, to the extent appropriate, specialized
instruction in settings with typically developing children. It is the goal of
The PACE School to ensure compliance with these minimums through the use of ABA.
As PACEs
President, Tom Urban, explained, It is not the intention of PACE to take any
money away from existing FCPS programs for children with autism or from programs
for any other children. Under a recent Virginia law and new FCPS regulations,
the charter school would be entitled to the same amount of money that is
presently being used to educate our children. Therefore, what would occur is
merely a shifting of resources. Money that formerly would have been used to
educate a child with autism in that childs present program will be applied to
the charter school when the child moves there.
The PACE
Schools Chairman Randy Nicklas added, The primary benefit of the charter
school is that it would allow parents a more direct voice in the education of
their own children without having to resort to home schooling or private
placement. In addition, a charter school will allow parents to raise money from
other sources to fund a program that has proven effectiveness, but the existing
FCPS school board is resistant to fund. With less bureaucratic overhead, the
charter school will run more efficiently and respond more rapidly to each
childs individual needs. Moreover, we will be able to break out of the one
size fits all mentality that permeates too many FCPS programs as each childs
ABA program will be individualized with regular consultant monitoring.
WASHINGTON,
Jul 23, 2003 (United Press International via COMTEX) -- Lawmakers, researchers
and parents Wednesday called on President Bush to convene a conference of health
experts to tackle ballooning autism rates among American children.
Recent
reports suggest as many as out of every 150 American kids may have the disease -
up from 1 in 10,000 just a decade ago - in an epidemic laying siege to American
families that could cost the American economy between $200 and $400 billion by
2010, according to autism support groups.
A group of
lawmakers said Wednesday that Bush should convene the conference because U.S.
health agencies have so far failed to investigate the epidemic.
I feel very
strongly that NIH [the National Institutes of Health] and the CDC [Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention] have failed to do the necessary research, said
Rep. Dave Weldon, R-Fla., a physician.
Indiana
Republican Rep. Dan Burton, whose grandson has autism, and Ohio Rep. Dennis
Kucinich, a Democratic presidential candidate, also called on Bush to ratchet up
government work on autism.
It is time
for a White House conference on autism, said Kucinich. Kucinich said 1.5
million Americans might suffer from the condition.
The White
House did not return a phone call seeking comment on the issue.
A panel of
researchers discussed possible environmental causes for the epidemic, including
mercury exposure from vaccines. The mercury-based additive called thimerosal was
particularly prevalent during the 1990s -- when vaccine doses for children
doubled and autism rates skyrocketed.
As a
physician, I am particularly concerned about the safety of our vaccine supply,
Weldon said.
Doctors
discussed studies that appear to show that children with autism may not be able
to secrete mercury, poisoning them, and discussed research that appears to show
a correlation between increasing exposure to mercury from vaccines and rising
brain problems in children.
Some doctors
expressed anger at government health experts who they said are ignoring the
problem. Government health agencies set childhood vaccination schedules.
What we
have here are some bureaucrats who want to keep this under cover, said Boyd
Haley, chairman of the Chemistry Department at the University of Kentucky.
The Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention in June 2000 called for the removal of
thimerosal from vaccines because any potential risk from mercury is of
concern. But the agency said, However, there remains no convincing evidence of
harm caused by low levels of thimerosal in vaccines.
In October
2001, an Institute of Medicine panel found that it is biologically plausible
that thimerosal causes autism, but that, current scientific evidence neither
proves nor disproves a link.
Vaccine
manufacturers say their products are likely not to blame.
Thirty years
ago, she went to battle for her daughter, Grace, who had Down syndrome, pushing
for stronger state and federal laws to protect schoolchildren with special
needs.
Now Kelly is
warning anyone who will listen that the safeguards she helped win are in
jeopardy.
We cannot
permit the federal law to be weakened to the point where school districts will
be allowed to do whatever they want, she said. If the law does not demand it,
children will not be served.
Kelly
referred to a debate over proposed changes to a federal law governing special
education. As Washington politicians haggle over details, tensions are flaring
on a more local level in Milwaukee and other regions of the country.
Many school
administrators argue that the changes being vetted - different rules for
education plans and discipline - would cut down on unnecessary paperwork and
provide districts with more flexibility. But parents and advocacy groups worry
they also would remove safeguards that protect children.
If nothing
else, the conflict has highlighted the long-standing debate over how to teach,
discipline and assess students with physical and mental disabilities.
We
sometimes have a lack of communication because teachers are very busy in the
classrooms and dont have enough time to communicate with the parents, said
Monica Lopez, whose two sons are special education students at Milwaukees
Riverside High School and Manitoba Elementary School. And parents dont always
know their responsibilities and rights. It can create an atmosphere of
mistrust.
Law dates to
1975 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was passed in 1975 with
the goal of ensuring that special education students receive fair treatment and
school districts receive full funding from the federal government.
The state of
Wisconsin has 127,000 students in special education, about 12% of the states
students. Milwaukee Public Schools has about 18,000 special education students,
17% of its students.
A revision
approved by the House of Representatives in the spring would reduce the
paperwork requirements for schools and allow teachers to discipline special
education students in the same way they do their other students. Current law
says that special education students can be removed from the classroom for only
10 days - after that they must be placed in an alternative setting or receive
services outlined in their individual education plan.
The House
version also would allow for three-year education plans for special education
students, instead of the one-year requirement.
A Senate
version of the legislation - which has not been voted on yet - makes more
moderate changes. It would allow districts to shift toward three-year education
plans only for students older than 18, for instance.
Several
organizations representing school administrators have hailed the House version.
People are
drowning in paperwork, said Patricia Yahle, the director of compliance and
monitoring in MPS department of special services. She said she supports some
form of compromise between the House and Senate versions of the bill.
Glenn
Schmidt, a special education teacher at Wisconsins Sun Prairie School District,
said he recently wrote a 50-page education plan for a student because of a
requirement in the law.
Its gotten
to the point where the education plans are absolutely incomprehensible to
parents, he said. There has to be some way of cutting down on the amount of
paperwork required to get a child some special help.
Milwaukee
School Board member Joe Dannecker, chairman of the boards special education
committee, noted that what parents and advocates for special education may view
as procedural safeguards, teachers and administrators might view as jumping
through hoops.
He favors
the House version of the law because, he says, it eliminates some of those hoops
and focuses instead on how to serve students well.
Teachers
can spend more time checking procedural requirements against calendars than
figuring out how to serve a kid, he said.
Dannecker
also supports the provision in the House bill that calls for special education
students to be disciplined just as regular education ones are.
We have
this tremendous sense that the tension between special education and regular
education parents may be growing partly because of the shortage of resources and
partly because children come home from school with this perception that other
kids are allowed to do things they are not allowed to do, and behave in ways
they are not allowed to behave, Dannecker said.
Advocates,
parents opposed The proposed changes are anathema, however, to groups such as
the Wisconsin Coalition for Advocacy, which fights for people with disabilities,
as well as parents such as Lila Kelly.
You look at
those who support the House bill, and there isnt a single parent, child or
disability group on the list, said Jeff Spitzer-Resnick, a managing attorney at
the Coalition for Advocacy. The group has sued MPS and the states Department of
Public Instruction over the districts special education system.
Nelsinia
Rojas is among the detractors.
Her daughter
Jennifer, who is 6 years old and autistic, attends MPS Elm Creative Arts
Elementary School; Rojas is part of a group of Latino parents whose children
have special needs.
I think the
changes are going to favor the schools, but not the children, she said.
Rojas does
not believe Jennifer should be disciplined in the same manner as other children
in the school.
My daughter
does not really understand and copies a lot of the other children, Rojas said.
She copies the bad things, too. The children just cant be measured in the same
way.
Kelly said
the House bill gives everyone other than parents and students additional power.
Its not
only a mess, but a big step backward.
Despite the
divide over specific provisions of the bill, many parents, teachers and
administrators say they essentially want the same things: Better funding for
special education and a system that helps students succeed.
The details
are the problem.
IDEA UPDATE
While The Senate
Breaks, IDEA Legislation Must Wait
Other
legislation has crowded the reauthorization of the IDEA bill off the Senate
calendar. It now appears senators wont vote on an IDEA proposal until they
return from a month long recess in early September. They are on break from Aug.
4 to Sept. 1.
Does your Family
Include A Child With Autism or Asperger Syndrome between the ages of 12 and 17
years? (Must live in Washington.)
[The Schafer
Autism Report does not evaluate research projects or research findings. This
information is provided for our readers information only.]
If so, we
need your help in discovering the relation between brain functioning and memory
in autism.
A research
team led by Dr. Sara Webb, Dr. Geraldine Dawson and Jamie McPartland at the
University of Washington Center on Human Development and Disabilities is
conducting research on brain functioning and memory in children and adolescents.
This project will allow us to determine whether differences in memory are
related to differences in how the brain processes visual images. To help us
understand these areas of brain development in individuals with autism, we are
inviting individuals between the ages of 12 and 17 years who have been diagnosed
with autism spectrum disorders to participate in a research study.
Individuals
would participate in a study using behavioral tests and EEG measures of brain
functioning. Individuals who participate will receive $25.00 for each visit and
will be helping us understand how brain structure and function are involved in
autism. If your family includes a child with autism or typical development
between the ages of 12 and 17 years of age, and you are interested in
participating in this study, please contact Jamie McPartland at 206-616-2379 or
1-800-994-9701.
* * *
University of
Texaa Requests Parent Input
The
University of Texas at Austin has developed an on-line survey for parents of
children with autism.
The survey
asks parents to indicated which treatments they are currently using or have used
in the past. The survey has been approved by the IRB of the University of Texas
at Austin and includes a consent form that parents will see when they access the
website.
The survey
is anonymous and can be completed in about 10-15 minutes by visiting the
following website:
Thank you
for your article in the Living section of the San Francisco Chronicle on Sunday,
July 20, 2003 (Joshunda Sanders, Life With Cameron). Autism has been recently
receiving a fair amount of media coverage and it is likely that awareness will
contribute to better solutions for families and individuals struggling with
autism. Your contribution is noteworthy.
As a
practitioner with over 30 years of experience, I would like to make a few
clarifying comments.
In your
article you noted that What has worked best for Cameron is applied behavioral
analysis therapy, a method also known as Lovaas, which structures the
environment for autistic children and rewards them for improving. Applied
Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the methodology with the greatest scientific
support. It has been repeatedly demonstrated to be effective under controlled
conditions in laboratory and clinical situations. Interventions that do not
include ABA components - there are many - are primarily supported by anecdotes
and testimonials at best.
Lovaas
therapy is a name given to a small subset of ABA practices more specifically
known as Discrete Trials Teaching (DTT). Ivar Lovaas, at UCLA, is the
pioneering researcher and educator who over the past 30 years has helped gain
acceptance for DTT among those responsible for caring for individuals diagnosed
with autism. DTT is a method in which a stimulus is presented (e.g., the
individual is shown a cookie), a response is produced (e.g., the individual says
cookie), and a reinforcer, sometimes called a reward, is provided (e.g., the
individual is given the cookie to eat). ABA is a much broader discipline than
DTT.
Has anyone told
Bill Gates that he has aspergers, and has anyone told him about vaccine injury?
- Richard
******
Anyone have
compliments or complaints. We are looking to move in Washington, schools in the
surrounding areas of Seattle and the same with Medford, Oregon. Private day
schools or public schools with quality special ed departments. Sally
Krallcamp@aol.com
******
Could anyone give
me any suggestions to fully toilet train my non-verbal autistic 7 year old son?
He seems to understand his toileting needs very well at home; he goes on his
own; he needs assistance only in cleaning himself and washing up after that. But
elsewhere he just soils himself without indicating anything. He goes to the
toilet at least 4-5 times a day at irregular intervals. So it is difficult to
stop him soiling himself by making him go once a day regularly.
susmita@dlfpower.com
******
Have great school
svcs in CA. Need to move to Beaverton/Portland OR. Been told by some that
services are non-existent in that area. Can readers confirm/deny this for us?
Maia mcevart@comcast.net
******
A behavior
consultant in the Sacramento area, Patricia Schetter, is developing an inservice
videotape to help educators recognize possible HFA/AS students. She needs either
existing video of elementary and secondary HFA/AS children or parents that are
willing to allow their HFA/AS children to be videotaped. If you are willing to
help with this important project, please contact me and I will put you in touch
with her. LWeissmann@aol.com
******
The Autism
Consortium of the Mailman Segal Institute and Fischler Graduate Teacher
Education Program will begin offering 4 courses on autism at the masters level
in August. The first course will be Nature and Needs of Students with Autism
Spectrum Disorders and will be offered as part of a Masters in special
education or speech and language pathology or for non-degree-seeking students.
Courses will be offered online as well as face-to-face with compressed video for
in Jacksonville, Tampa, Orlando, Ft. Lauderdale, and Miami. Courses will be
offered 1 each during each 8-week session in Novas calendar. Nature and Needs
will begin the week of August 11 with registration ending August 4, 2003.
Contact Susan Kabot and Christine Reeve at autism@nova.edu or call us at (954)
262-7154.
******
Deadline for
Essay Contest submissions is September 1, 2003: Autism Arts Conference
Connection
http://www.autismarts.com
******
Does anyone know
of a book or video that may help in teaching a child with autism water safety
and swimming skills? Dawn M. ONeil dawnoneil@adelphia.net
******
On July 26-27, I
will be blogging 24 hours straight for Cure Autism Now in Blogathon 2003. As the
mother of two autistic children, Sam (5) and Jonah (3), I hope youll either be
able to sponsor me, have a friend sponsor me, or just stay up with me as I wear
my fingers to the bone blogging for our kids. Visit my home blog at
http://wampum.wabanaki.net for details
(disclaimer: I
lean Left.)
******
A variety of tips
and resources for parents and educators on how to use MUSIC activities such as
singing and instruments to motivate and teach your child. Visit
www.coastmusictherapy.com (go to tips page)
******
I have a 15 year
old son with Autism. I am also a Special Ed teacher and so I have been keeping
up with research throughout these years. However, I missed the connection with
Rogam and Thimerisol. I received Rogam while I was pregnant, too. Where can I
get more info? Susan Disbrow JSGD@aol.com
******
We area military
family living in Athens Ga. & looking for ABA therapists interested in working
10 hrs./week with our 2 1/2 yr-old son who has Autism Spectrum Disorder. Program
will be supervised by LOVAAS. If interested, e-mailme directly: evelyn1@usa.net
******
Please send me any
articles about speech being medically necessary for restoring speech in autistic
children. We are appealing, at the second level, with Blue Cross Blue Shield of
New Jersey and are in search of any and all information supporting speech
restoration in autistics. We are looking for reembursment of speech costs while
our son was in early intervention. We have hired an attorney and are fighting
the school district simultaneously to have our three year old son stay in a home
program with some inclusion in a nondisabled preschool/daycare. Antoinette
fifoot@msn.com
******
>> FREE (Almost) READERS POSTS <<
For
Individuals, organizations, non-commercial and
commercial. Limit your posting to no more than 60
words
please. There is no charge for this service,
but
posters are obligated to thank all those who take
the time
to answer your ads. This is a consideration
for
others with autism after you and yours, who seek
assistance from appreciated readers. Send submissions to:
DISCLAIMER:
All information, data, and material contained, presented, or provided here
is for general information purposes only and is not to be construed as
reflecting the knowledge or opinions of the publisher, and is not to be
construed or intended as providing medical or legal advice. The decision
whether or not to vaccinate is an important and complex issue and should
be made by you, and you alone, in consultation with your health care
provider.
"A foolish faith in authority is the worst enemy of truth."
-- Albert Einstein, letter to a friend, 1901
"I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves, and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education."
-- Thomas Jefferson, letter to William C. Jarvis, September 28, 1820
"What's the point of vaccination if it doesn't protect you from the unvaccinated?"
-- Sandy Gottstein
"Who gets to decide what the greater good is and how many will be sacrificed to it?"