U.S.: Virus May Slow Spread Of West Nile

April 24, 2003

WASHINGTON (AP) -- A disease that kills mosquitoes could be one way to slow the spread of West Nile virus, the Agriculture Department says.

Jim Becnel, a scientist with the department's Agricultural Research Service, said Wednesday that he and a team of researchers have come up with a new method to kill mosquitoes by infecting them with an illness called baculovirus. It works only on mosquitoes.

"It's kind of a killer for a killer," he said.

The department wants companies to make mosquito-killing sprays from baculovirus and put them on the market. They believe it could kill mosquitoes potentially carrying West Nile virus, an illness that killed 284 people and sickened 4,156 in the United States last year.

The agency got a patent on baculovirus in February, but it's up to manufacturers to make commercial sprays because federal law prohibits the government from doing so.

Becnel said scientists discovered the mosquito-killing baculovirus in 1997 but took years to understand how it is transmitted. They've found it infects a particular species of mosquito, Culex, a major carrier of West Nile virus.

Researchers noticed it works especially well on young Culex mosquitoes living in polluted wet areas, such as water tainted with farm runoff or chemicals. To kill mosquito larvae, they add magnesium to baculovirus and spray it on the larvae. The insects are dead within two or three days.

Without magnesium, the infection won't spread, said Becnel, who works at the department's lab in Gainesville, Fla.

"Mosquitoes have protective barriers in their gut, so we're thinking that the magnesium helps the virus cross those barriers," he said.

It is just one method of limiting the growth of mosquitoes. Becnel noted that researchers have developed a product made from a bacterium, called BTI, to kill them, but he said it doesn't always work well in wet, polluted areas.

Pesticides are another way to kill mosquitoes, but they also kill other insects.

Becnel said researchers are continuing to study the genes that make up baculovirus so they can figure out precisely how it is transmitted to mosquito larvae.