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Vaccinations and Risk
of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases in
Adults
Frank DeStefano, MD, MPH;
Thomas Verstraeten, MD; Lisa A. Jackson,
MD, MPH; Catherine A. Okoro, MS;
Patti Benson, MPH; Steven B. Black,
MD; Henry R. Shinefield, MD;
John P. Mullooly, PhD; William Likosky, MD,
MA; Robert T. Chen, MD; for the
Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group
Arch Neurol. 2003;60:504-509.
Background Several case reports of the
onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis
or other demyelinating conditions shortly
after vaccination have suggested that vaccines may
increase the risk of demyelinating diseases.
Objective To evaluate the association between
vaccination and onset of multiple sclerosis
or optic neuritis.
Design Case-control study involving cases of
multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis among
adults 18 to 49 years of age. Data on
vaccinations and other risk factors were obtained from
computerized and paper medical records and from
telephone interviews.
Setting Three health maintenance
organizations.
Participants Four hundred forty case subjects
and 950 control subjects matched on health
maintenance organization, sex, and date of
birth.
Interventions None.
Main Outcome Measures Onset of first symptoms
of demyelinating disease at any time after
vaccination and during specified intervals
after vaccination (<1 year, 1-5 years, and >5 years).
Results Cases and controls had similar
vaccination histories. The odds ratios (95%
confidence intervals), adjusted for potential
confounding variables, of the associations between ever
having been vaccinated and risk of
demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and
optic neuritis combined) were 0.9 (0.6-1.5) for
hepatitis B vaccine; 0.6 (0.4-0.8) for tetanus
vaccination; 0.8 (0.6-1.2) for influenza
vaccine; 0.8 (0.5-1.5) for measles, mumps,
rubella vaccine; 0.9 (0.5-1.4) for measles vaccine; and
0.7 (0.4-1.0) for rubella vaccine. The results
were similar when multiple sclerosis and
optic neuritis were analyzed separately.
There was no increased risk according to timing of
vaccination.
Conclusion Vaccination against hepatitis B,
influenza, tetanus, measles, or rubella is
not associated with an increased risk of
multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis.
From the National Immunization Program, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (Drs
DeStefano, Verstraeten, and Chen and Ms Okoro); Center
for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle,
Wash (Dr Jackson and Ms Benson); Department of
Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (Dr
Jackson); Pediatric Vaccine Study Center, Northern
California Kaiser Permanente, Oakland (Drs Black and
Shinefield); Center for Health Research, Northwest
Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Ore (Dr Mullooly); and
Departments of Neurology, University of Washington and
Minor and James Medical, Seattle (Dr Likosky).
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Arch Neurol. 2003;60:478-480.
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