Cerebral infarctions in the fetus and neonate:
maternal-placental-fetal considerations.
Scher MS, Wiznitzer M, Bangert BA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Fetal and Neonatal
Neurology Programs, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue,
Cleveland, OH 44106-6005, USA. mss20@po.cwru.edu
Historical data, clinical examination findings, and laboratory information must
be integrated along a variable timeline that includes antepartum, intrapartum,
and postnatal time periods when cerebral infarction can occur, in the context of
the neonates genetic endowment.
Genetic
susceptibility or prenatal acquired vulnerabilities regarding
stroke syndromes may set in motion a cascade of molecular pathways that
ultimately cause or exacerbate brain injury when the vulnerable child
experiences adverse medical conditions. The clinician must consider maternal,
placental, and fetal conditions on which a stroke syndrome may be superimposed,
with or without additional brain injury from other pathogenic mechanisms.
Evaluation of fetal and neonatal cerebral infarction requires knowledge of
mechanisms of brain injury that cross medical disciplines and may involve
consultation with maternal/fetal specialists, placental and pediatric
pathologists, neonatologists, geneticists, and other pediatric subspecialties.
Comprehensive evaluations of survivors of cerebral infarction are needed to
better understand structural and functional plasticity of the developing brain
after a cerebrovascular event in the fetal and neonatal periods.
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